Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-docs-pr into wn-21H1

windows/client-management/advanced-troubleshooting-boot-problems.md

@@ -105,9 +105,11 @@ To do this, follow these steps.
 
 2. On the **Install Windows** screen, select **Next** > **Repair your computer**.
 
-3. On the **System Recovery Options** screen, select **Next** > **Command Prompt**.
+3. On the **Choose an option** screen, select **Troubleshoot**.
 
-4. After Startup Repair, select **Shutdown**, then turn on your PC to see if Windows can boot properly.
+4. On the **Advanced options** screen, select **Startup Repair**.
+
+5. After Startup Repair, select **Shutdown**, then turn on your PC to see if Windows can boot properly.
 
 The Startup Repair tool generates a log file to help you understand the startup problems and the repairs that were made. You can find the log file in the following location:
 
@@ -397,4 +399,4 @@ If the dump file shows an error that is related to a driver (for example, window
         5. Copy all the hives from the Regback folder, paste them in the Config folder, and then try to start the computer in Normal mode.
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> Starting in Windows 10, version 1803, Windows no longer automatically backs up the system registry to the RegBack folder.This change is by design, and is intended to help reduce the overall disk footprint size of Windows. To recover a system with a corrupt registry hive, Microsoft recommends that you use a system restore point. For more details, check [this article](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4509719/the-system-registry-is-no-longer-backed-up-to-the-regback-folder-start).
+> Starting in Windows 10, version 1803, Windows no longer automatically backs up the system registry to the RegBack folder.This change is by design, and is intended to help reduce the overall disk footprint size of Windows. To recover a system with a corrupt registry hive, Microsoft recommends that you use a system restore point. For more details, check [this article](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4509719/the-system-registry-is-no-longer-backed-up-to-the-regback-folder-start).

windows/client-management/mdm/policy-csp-localusersandgroups.md

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ where:
 - `<remove member>`: Specifies the SID or name of the member to remove from the specified group.
 
     > [!NOTE]
-    > When specifying member names of the user accounts, you must use following format – AzureAD/userUPN. For example, "AzureAD/user1@contoso.com" or "AzureAD/user2@contoso.co.uk". 
+    > When specifying member names of the user accounts, you must use following format – AzureAD\userUPN. For example, "AzureAD\user1@contoso.com" or "AzureAD\user2@contoso.co.uk". 
 For adding Azure AD groups, you need to specify the Azure AD Group SID. Azure AD group names are not supported with this policy.
 for more information, see [LookupAccountNameA function](/windows/win32/api/winbase/nf-winbase-lookupaccountnamea).  
 

windows/deployment/deploy-windows-mdt/use-the-mdt-database-to-stage-windows-10-deployment-information.md

@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ After creating the database, you need to assign permissions to it. In MDT, the a
 
 4.  On the **Login - New** page, next to the **Login** name field, click **Search**, and search for **CONTOSO\\MDT\_BA**. Then in the left pane, select **User Mapping**. Select the **MDT** database, and assign the following roles:
     1.  db\_datareader
-    2.  public (default)
+    2.  db\_datawriter
+    3.  public (default)
 5.  Click **OK**, and close SQL Server Management Studio.
 
 ![figure 10](../images/mdt-09-fig10.png)

windows/security/information-protection/bitlocker/bcd-settings-and-bitlocker.md

@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ ms.date: 02/28/2019
 ms.custom: bitlocker
 ---
 
-# BCD settings and BitLocker
+# Boot Configuration Data settings and BitLocker
 
 **Applies to**
 -   Windows 10
 
-This topic for IT professionals describes the BCD settings that are used by BitLocker.
+This topic for IT professionals describes the Boot Configuration Data (BCD) settings that are used by BitLocker.
 
-When protecting data at rest on an operating system volume, during the boot process BitLocker verifies that the security sensitive boot configuration data (BCD) settings have not changed since BitLocker was last enabled, resumed, or recovered.
+When protecting data at rest on an operating system volume, during the boot process BitLocker verifies that the security sensitive BCD settings have not changed since BitLocker was last enabled, resumed, or recovered.
 
 ## BitLocker and BCD Settings
 

windows/security/information-protection/bitlocker/bitlocker-basic-deployment.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ This article for the IT professional explains how BitLocker features can be used
 
 ## Using BitLocker to encrypt volumes
 
-BitLocker provides full volume encryption (FVE) for operating system volumes, as well as fixed and removable data volumes. To support fully encrypted operating system volumes, BitLocker uses an unencrypted system volume for the files required to boot, decrypt, and load the operating system. This volume is automatically created during a new installation of both client and server operating systems.
+BitLocker provides full volume encryption (FVE) for operating system volumes, as well as fixed and removable data drives. To support fully encrypted operating system drives, BitLocker uses an unencrypted system partition for the files required to boot, decrypt, and load the operating system. This volume is automatically created during a new installation of both client and server operating systems.
 
 In the event that the drive was prepared as a single contiguous space, BitLocker requires a new volume to hold the boot files. BdeHdCfg.exe can create these volumes.
 
@@ -110,9 +110,8 @@ The following table shows the compatibility matrix for systems that have been Bi
 
 Table 1: Cross compatibility for Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, and Windows 7 encrypted volumes
 
-|||||
-|--- |--- |--- |--- |
 |Encryption Type|Windows 10 and Windows 8.1|Windows 8|Windows 7|
+|--- |--- |--- |--- |
 |Fully encrypted on Windows 8|Presents as fully encrypted|N/A|Presented as fully encrypted|
 |Used Disk Space Only encrypted on Windows 8|Presents as encrypt on write|N/A|Presented as fully encrypted|
 |Fully encrypted volume from Windows 7|Presents as fully encrypted|Presented as fully encrypted|N/A|

windows/security/information-protection/bitlocker/bitlocker-countermeasures.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Before Windows starts, you must rely on security features implemented as part of
 
 ### Trusted Platform Module
 
-A TPM is a microchip designed to provide basic security-related functions, primarily involving encryption keys. 
+A trusted platform module (TPM) is a microchip designed to provide basic security-related functions, primarily involving encryption keys. 
 On some platforms, TPM can alternatively be implemented as a part of secure firmware. 
 BitLocker binds encryption keys with the TPM to ensure that a computer has not been tampered with while the system was offline. 
 For more info about TPM, see [Trusted Platform Module](/windows/device-security/tpm/trusted-platform-module-overview).
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ For SBP-2 and 1394 (a.k.a. Firewire), refer to the “SBP-2 Mitigation” sectio
  
 ## Attack countermeasures
 
-This section covers countermeasures for specific types attacks. 
+This section covers countermeasures for specific types of attacks. 
 
 ### Bootkits and rootkits
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The following sections cover mitigations for different types of attackers.
 
 Physical access may be limited by a form factor that does not expose buses and memory. 
 For example, there are no external DMA-capable ports, no exposed screws to open the chassis, and memory is soldered to the mainboard. 
-This attacker of opportunity does not use destructive methods or sophisticated forensics hardware/software.  
+This attacker of opportunity does not use destructive methods or sophisticated forensics hardware/software. 
 
 Mitigation: 
 - Pre-boot authentication set to TPM only (the default)
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ Mitigation:
 Targeted attack with plenty of time; this attacker will open the case, will solder, and will use sophisticated hardware or software.
 
 Mitigation:
-- Pre-boot authentication set to TPM with a PIN protector (with a sophisticated alphanumeric PIN to help the TPM anti-hammering mitigation).
+- Pre-boot authentication set to TPM with a PIN protector (with a sophisticated alphanumeric PIN [enhanced pin] to help the TPM anti-hammering mitigation).
 
   -And-
 
@@ -197,4 +197,4 @@ For secure administrative workstations, Microsoft recommends TPM with PIN protec
 - [Blocking the SBP-2 driver and Thunderbolt controllers to reduce 1394 DMA and Thunderbolt DMA threats to BitLocker](https://support.microsoft.com/help/2516445/blocking-the-sbp-2-driver-and-thunderbolt-controllers-to-reduce-1394-d)
 - [BitLocker Group Policy settings](./bitlocker-group-policy-settings.md)
 - [BitLocker CSP](/windows/client-management/mdm/bitlocker-csp)
-- [Winlogon automatic restart sign-on (ARSO)](https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/winlogon-automatic-restart-sign-on--arso-)
+- [Winlogon automatic restart sign-on (ARSO)](/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/winlogon-automatic-restart-sign-on--arso-)

windows/security/information-protection/bitlocker/bitlocker-device-encryption-overview-windows-10.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ ms.custom: bitlocker
 -   Windows 10
 
 This topic explains how BitLocker Device Encryption can help protect data on devices running Windows 10. 
-For a general overview and list of topics about BitLocker, see [BitLocker](bitlocker-overview.md).
+For a general overview and list of topics about BitLocker, see [BitLocker](bitlocker-overview.md). 
 
 When users travel, their organization’s confidential data goes with them. Wherever confidential data is stored, it must be protected against unauthorized access. Windows has a long history of providing at-rest data-protection solutions that guard against nefarious attackers, beginning with the Encrypting File System in the Windows 2000 operating system. More recently, BitLocker has provided encryption for full drives and portable drives. Windows consistently improves data protection by improving existing options and by providing new strategies.
 

windows/security/information-protection/bitlocker/troubleshoot-bitlocker.md

@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ ms.custom: bitlocker
 
 # Guidelines for troubleshooting BitLocker
 
-This article addresses common issues in BitLocker and provides guidelines to troubleshoot these issues. This article also provides pointers to start the troubleshooting process, including what data to collect and what settings to check in order to narrow down the location in which these issues occur.
+This article addresses common issues in BitLocker and provides guidelines to troubleshoot these issues. This article also provides information such as what data to collect and what settings to check. This information makes your troubleshooting process much easier.
 
 ## Review the event logs
 
 Open Event Viewer and review the following logs under Applications and Services logs\\Microsoft\\Windows:
 
-- **BitLocker-API**. Review the Management log, the Operational log, and any other logs that are generated in this folder. The default logs have the following unique names:
+- **BitLocker-API**. Review the management log, the operational log, and any other logs that are generated in this folder. The default logs have the following unique names:
    - Microsoft-Windows-BitLocker-API/BitLocker Operational
    - Microsoft-Windows-BitLocker-API/BitLocker Management
 
-- **BitLocker-DrivePreparationTool**. Review the Admin log,  the Operational log, and any other logs that are generated in this folder. The default logs have the following unique names:
+- **BitLocker-DrivePreparationTool**. Review the admin log,  the operational log, and any other logs that are generated in this folder. The default logs have the following unique names:
    - Microsoft-Windows-BitLocker-DrivePreparationTool/Operational
    - Microsoft-Windows-BitLocker-DrivePreparationTool/Admin
 
@@ -36,19 +36,20 @@ Additionally, review the Windows logs\\System log for events that were produced
 
 To filter and display or export logs, you can use the [wevtutil.exe](/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wevtutil) command-line tool or the [Get-WinEvent](/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.diagnostics/get-winevent?view=powershell-6) cmdlet.
 
-For example, to use wevtutil to export the contents of the Operational log from the BitLocker-API folder to a text file that is named BitLockerAPIOpsLog.txt, open a Command Prompt window, and run a command that resembles the following:
+
+For example, to use wevtutil to export the contents of the operational log from the BitLocker-API folder to a text file that is named BitLockerAPIOpsLog.txt, open a Command Prompt window, and run the following command:
 
 ```cmd
 wevtutil qe "Microsoft-Windows-BitLocker/BitLocker Operational" /f:text > BitLockerAPIOpsLog.txt
 ```
 
-To use the **Get-WinEvent** cmdlet to export the same log to a comma-separated text file, open a Windows Powershell window and run a command that resembles the following:
+To use the **Get-WinEvent** cmdlet to export the same log to a comma-separated text file, open a Windows Powershell window and run the following command:
 
 ```ps
 Get-WinEvent -logname "Microsoft-Windows-BitLocker/BitLocker Operational"  | Export-Csv -Path Bitlocker-Operational.csv
 ```
 
-You can use Get-WinEvent in an elevated PowerShell window to display filtered information from the System or Application log by using syntax that resembles the following:
+You can use Get-WinEvent in an elevated PowerShell window to display filtered information from the system or application log by using the following syntax:
 
 - To display BitLocker-related information:
    ```ps
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ You can use Get-WinEvent in an elevated PowerShell window to display filtered in
 Open an elevated Windows PowerShell window, and run each of the following commands.
 
 |Command |Notes |
-| - | - |
+| --- | --- |
 |[**get-tpm \> C:\\TPM.txt**](/powershell/module/trustedplatformmodule/get-tpm?view=win10-ps) |Exports information about the local computer's Trusted Platform Module (TPM). This cmdlet shows different values depending on whether the TPM chip is version 1.2 or 2.0. This cmdlet is not supported in Windows 7. |
 |[**manage-bde –status \> C:\\BDEStatus.txt**](/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/manage-bde-status) |Exports information about the general encryption status of all drives on the computer. |
 |[**manage-bde c: <br />-protectors -get \>&nbsp;C:\\Protectors**](/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/manage-bde-protectors) |Exports information about the protection methods that are used for the BitLocker encryption key.  |
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ Open an elevated Windows PowerShell window, and run each of the following comman
 1. Open an elevated Command Prompt window, and run the following commands.
 
    |Command |Notes |
-   | - | - |
+   | --- | --- |
    |[**gpresult /h \<Filename>**](/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gpresult) |Exports the Resultant Set of Policy information, and saves the information as an HTML file. |
    |[**msinfo /report \<Path> /computer&nbsp;\<ComputerName>**](/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msinfo32) |Exports comprehensive information about the hardware, system components, and software environment on the local computer. The **/report** option saves the information as a .txt file. |
 
@@ -109,13 +110,13 @@ Open an elevated Windows PowerShell window, and run each of the following comman
 
 ## Check the BitLocker prerequisites
 
-Common settings that can cause issues for BitLocker include the following:
+Common settings that can cause issues for BitLocker include the following scenarios:
 
 - The TPM must be unlocked. You can check the output of the **get-tpm** command for the status of the TPM.
 - Windows RE must be enabled. You can check the output of the **reagentc** command for the status of WindowsRE.
-- The system reserved partition must use the correct format.
-  - On Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) computers, the system reserved partition must be formatted as FAT32.
-  - On legacy computers, the system reserved partition must be formatted as NTFS.
+- The system-reserved partition must use the correct format.
+  - On Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) computers, the system-reserved partition must be formatted as FAT32.
+  - On legacy computers, the system-reserved partition must be formatted as NTFS.
 - If the device that you are troubleshooting is a slate or tablet PC, use <https://gpsearch.azurewebsites.net/#8153> to verify the status of the **Enable use of BitLocker authentication requiring preboot keyboard input on slates** option.
 
 For more information about the BitLocker prerequisites, see [BitLocker basic deployment: Using BitLocker to encrypt volumes](./bitlocker-basic-deployment.md#using-bitlocker-to-encrypt-volumes)
@@ -124,14 +125,14 @@ For more information about the BitLocker prerequisites, see [BitLocker basic dep
 
 If the information that you have examined so far indicates a specific issue (for example, WindowsRE is not enabled), the issue may have a straightforward fix.
 
-Resolving issues that do not have obvious causes depends on exactly which components are involved and what behavior you see. The information that you have gathered can help you narrow down the areas to investigate.
+Resolving issues that do not have obvious causes depends on exactly which components are involved and what behavior you see. The information that you have gathered helps you narrow down the areas to investigate.
 
 - If you are working on a device that is managed by Microsoft Intune, see [Enforcing BitLocker policies by using Intune: known issues](ts-bitlocker-intune-issues.md).
 - If BitLocker does not start or cannot encrypt a drive and you notice errors or events that are related to the TPM, see [BitLocker cannot encrypt a drive: known TPM issues](ts-bitlocker-cannot-encrypt-tpm-issues.md).
 - If BitLocker does not start or cannot encrypt a drive, see [BitLocker cannot encrypt a drive: known issues](ts-bitlocker-cannot-encrypt-issues.md).
 - If BitLocker Network Unlock does not behave as expected, see [BitLocker Network Unlock: known issues](ts-bitlocker-network-unlock-issues.md).
 - If BitLocker does not behave as expected when you recover an encrypted drive, or if you did not expect BitLocker to recover the drive, see [BitLocker recovery: known issues](ts-bitlocker-recovery-issues.md).
-- If BitLocker does not behave as expected or the encrypted drive does not behave as expected, and you notice errors or events that are related to the TPM, see [BitLocker and TPM: other known issues](ts-bitlocker-tpm-issues.md).
-- If BitLocker does not behave as expected or the encrypted drive does not behave as expected, see [BitLocker configuration: known issues](ts-bitlocker-config-issues.md).
+- If BitLocker or the encrypted drive does not behave as expected, and you notice errors or events that are related to the TPM, see [BitLocker and TPM: other known issues](ts-bitlocker-tpm-issues.md).
+- If BitLocker or the encrypted drive does not behave as expected, see [BitLocker configuration: known issues](ts-bitlocker-config-issues.md).
 
-We recommend that you keep the information that you have gathered handy in case you decide to contact Microsoft Support for help to resolve your issue.
+We recommend that you keep the information that you have gathered handy in case you decide to contact Microsoft Support for help to resolve your issue.