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browsers/internet-explorer/ie11-deploy-guide/turn-on-local-control-and-logging-for-enterprise-mode.md
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@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ ms.date: 07/27/2017
**Applies to:**
- Windows 10
- Windows 8.1
- Windows 7
- Windows Server 2012 R2
- Windows Server 2008 R2 with Service Pack 1 (SP1)
- Windows 10
- Windows 8.1
- Windows 7
- Windows Server 2012 R2
- Windows Server 2008 R2 with Service Pack 1 (SP1)
You can turn on local control of Enterprise Mode so that your users can turn Enterprise Mode on from the **Tools** menu. Turning on this feature also adds the **Enterprise** browser profile to the **Emulation** tab of the F12 developer tools.
@ -53,16 +53,13 @@ Besides turning on this feature, you also have the option to provide a URL for E
Your **Value data** location can be any of the following types:
- **URL location (like, https://www.emieposturl.com/api/records or https://localhost:13000)**. IE sends a POST message to the URL every time a change is made to Enterprise Mode from the **Tools** menu.<p>**Important**<br>
The `https://www.emieposturl.com/api/records` example will only work if you’ve downloaded the sample discussed in the [Set up Enterprise Mode logging and data collection](set-up-enterprise-mode-logging-and-data-collection.md) topic. If you don’t have the sample, you won’t have the web API.
- **Local network location (like, https://<em>emieposturl</em>/)**. IE sends a POST message to your specified local network location every time a change is made to Enterprise Mode from the **Tools** menu.
- **Empty string**. If you leave the **Value data** box blank; your employees will be able to turn Enterprise Mode on and off from the **Tools** menu, but you won’t collect any logging data.
- **URL location**, for example: `https://www.emieposturl.com/api/records` or `https://localhost:13000`. IE sends a POST message to the URL every time a change is made to Enterprise Mode from the **Tools** menu.
> [!Important]
> The `https://www.emieposturl.com/api/records` example will only work if you've downloaded the sample discussed in the [Set up Enterprise Mode logging and data collection](set-up-enterprise-mode-logging-and-data-collection.md) article. If you don't have the sample, you won't have the web API.
- **Local network location**, for example: `https://emieposturl/`. IE sends a POST message to your specified local network location every time a change is made to Enterprise Mode from the **Tools** menu.
- **Empty string**. If you leave the **Value data** box blank; your employees will be able to turn Enterprise Mode on and off from the **Tools** menu, but you won't collect any logging data.
For information about how to collect the data provided when your employees turn Enterprise Mode on or off from the **Tools** menu, see [Set up Enterprise Mode logging and data collection](set-up-enterprise-mode-logging-and-data-collection.md).

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browsers/internet-explorer/internet-explorer.yml
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@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ landingContent:
url: /lifecycle/faq/internet-explorer-microsoft-edge
- linkListType: download
links:
- text: Download IE11 with Windows 10
url: https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise
- text: Enterprise Mode Site List Manager (schema, v.2)
url: https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=49974
- text: Cumulative security updates for Internet Explorer 11

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windows/deployment/planning/windows-10-enterprise-faq-itpro.yml
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ metadata:
ms.mktglfcycl: plan
ms.localizationpriority: medium
ms.sitesec: library
ms.date: 08/18/2017
ms.date: 05/12/2022
ms.reviewer:
author: aczechowski
ms.author: aaroncz
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ sections:
- question: |
Where can I download Windows 10 Enterprise?
answer: |
If you have Windows volume licenses with Software Assurance, or if you have purchased licenses for Windows 10 Enterprise volume licenses, you can download 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows 10 Enterprise from the [Volume Licensing Service Center](https://www.microsoft.com/Licensing/servicecenter/default.aspx). If you do not have current Software Assurance for Windows and would like to purchase volume licenses for Windows 10 Enterprise, contact your preferred Microsoft Reseller or see [How to purchase through Volume Licensing](https://www.microsoft.com/Licensing/how-to-buy/how-to-buy.aspx).
If you have Windows volume licenses with Software Assurance, or if you have purchased licenses for Windows 10 Enterprise volume licenses, you can download 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows 10 Enterprise from the [Volume Licensing Service Center](https://www.microsoft.com/Licensing/servicecenter/default.aspx). If you don't have current Software Assurance for Windows and would like to purchase volume licenses for Windows 10 Enterprise, contact your preferred Microsoft Reseller or see [How to purchase through Volume Licensing](https://www.microsoft.com/Licensing/how-to-buy/how-to-buy.aspx).
- question: |
What are the system requirements?
@ -34,21 +34,25 @@ sections:
- question: |
What are the hardware requirements for Windows 10?
answer: |
Most computers that are compatible with Windows 8.1 will be compatible with Windows 10. You may need to install updated drivers in Windows 10 for your devices to properly function. See [Windows 10 specifications](https://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-10-specifications) for more information.
Most computers that are compatible with Windows 8.1 will be compatible with Windows 10. You may need to install updated drivers in Windows 10 for your devices to properly function. For more information, see [Windows 10 specifications](https://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-10-specifications).
- question: |
Can I evaluate Windows 10 Enterprise?
answer: |
Yes, a 90-day evaluation of Windows 10 Enterprise is available through the [TechNet Evaluation Center](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise). The evaluation is available in Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese (Brazil), and Spanish (Spain, International Sort). We highly recommend that organizations make use of the Windows 10 Enterprise 90-day Evaluation to try out deployment and management scenarios, test compatibility with hardware and applications, and to get hands on experience with Windows 10 Enterprise features.
Yes, a 90-day evaluation of Windows 10 Enterprise is available. The evaluation is available in Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese (Brazil), and Spanish (Spain, International Sort). We highly recommend that organizations make use of the Windows 10 Enterprise 90-day evaluation to try out deployment and management scenarios, test compatibility with hardware and applications, and to get hands on experience with Windows 10 Enterprise features.
> [!NOTE]
> The Microsoft Evaluation Center is temporarily unavailable. To access this download, see [Accessing trials and kits for Windows (Eval Center workaround)](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-11/accessing-trials-and-kits-for-windows-eval-center-workaround/m-p/3361125).<!-- 6049663 -->
- name: Drivers and compatibility
questions:
- question: |
Where can I find drivers for my devices for Windows 10 Enterprise?
answer: |
For many devices, drivers will be automatically installed in Windows 10 and there will be no need for additional action.
- For some devices, Windows 10 may be unable to install drivers that are required for operation. If your device drivers are not automatically installed, visit the manufacturer’s support website for your device to download and manually install the drivers. If Windows 10 drivers are not available, the most up-to-date drivers for Windows 8.1 will often work in Windows 10.
- For some devices, the manufacturer may provide more up-to-date drivers or drivers that enable additional functionality than the drivers installed by Windows 10. Always follow the recommendations of the device manufacturer for optimal performance and stability.
For many devices, drivers will be automatically installed in Windows 10 and there will be no need for further action.
- For some devices, Windows 10 may be unable to install drivers that are required for operation. If your device drivers aren't automatically installed, visit the manufacturer's support website for your device to download and manually install the drivers. If Windows 10 drivers aren't available, the most up-to-date drivers for Windows 8.1 will often work in Windows 10.
- For some devices, the manufacturer may provide more up-to-date drivers or drivers that enable more functionality than the drivers installed by Windows 10. Always follow the recommendations of the device manufacturer for optimal performance and stability.
- Some computer manufacturers provide packs of drivers for easy implementation in management and deployment solutions like the Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT) or Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager. These driver packs contain all of the drivers needed for each device and can greatly simplify the process of deploying Windows to a new make or model of computer. Driver packs for some common manufacturers include:
- [HP driver pack](http://www8.hp.com/us/en/ads/clientmanagement/drivers-pack.html)
- [Dell driver packs for enterprise client OS deployment](http://en.community.dell.com/techcenter/enterprise-client/w/wiki/2065.dell-command-deploy-driver-packs-for-enterprise-client-os-deployment)
@ -58,22 +62,28 @@ sections:
- question: |
Where can I find out if an application or device is compatible with Windows 10?
answer: |
Many existing Win32 and Win64 applications already run reliably on Windows 10 without any changes. You can also expect strong compatibility and support for Web apps and devices. The [Ready for Windows](https://www.readyforwindows.com/) website lists software solutions that are supported and in use for Windows 10. You can find additional guidance to help with application compatibility at [Windows 10 application compatibility](/windows/windows-10/) on the Windows IT Center.
Many existing Win32 and Win64 applications already run reliably on Windows 10 without any changes. You can also expect strong compatibility and support for Web apps and devices.
- question: |
Is there an easy way to assess if my organization’s devices are ready to upgrade to Windows 10?
Is there an easy way to assess if my organization's devices are ready to upgrade to Windows 10?
answer: |
[Windows Analytics Upgrade Readiness](/mem/configmgr/desktop-analytics/overview) (formerly known as Upgrade Analytics) provides powerful insights and recommendations about the computers, applications, and drivers in your organization, at no extra cost and without additional infrastructure requirements. This new service guides you through your upgrade and feature update projects using a workflow based on Microsoft recommended practices. Up-to-date inventory data allows you to balance cost and risk in your upgrade projects. You can find additional product information at [Windows Analytics](https://www.microsoft.com/WindowsForBusiness/Windows-Analytics).
[Desktop Analytics](/mem/configmgr/desktop-analytics/overview) provides powerful insights and recommendations about the computers, applications, and drivers in your organization, at no extra cost and without other infrastructure requirements. This service guides you through your upgrade and feature update projects using a workflow based on Microsoft recommended practices. Up-to-date inventory data allows you to balance cost and risk in your upgrade projects.
- name: Administration and deployment
questions:
- question: |
Which deployment tools support Windows 10?
answer: |
Updated versions of Microsoft deployment tools, including MDT, Configuration Manager, and the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (Windows ADK) have been released to support Windows 10.
- [MDT](https://www.microsoft.com/mdt) is Microsoft’s recommended collection of tools, processes, and guidance for automating desktop and server deployment.
- Configuration Manager simplifies the deployment and management of Windows 10. If you are not currently using Configuration Manager, you can download a free 180-day trial of [Microsoft Endpoint Manager and Endpoint Protection (current branch)](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-system-center-configuration-manager-and-endpoint-protection) from the TechNet Evaluation Center.
- The [Windows ADK](https://developer.microsoft.com/windows/hardware/windows-assessment-deployment-kit#winADK) has tools that allow you to customize Windows images for large-scale deployment, and test system quality and performance. You can download the latest version of the Windows ADK for Windows 10 from the Hardware Dev Center.
Updated versions of Microsoft deployment tools, including Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager, MDT, and the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (Windows ADK) have been released to support Windows 10.
- [Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager](/mem/configmgr) simplifies the deployment and management of Windows 10. If you aren't currently using Configuration Manager, download a free 180-day trial.
> [!NOTE]
> The Microsoft Evaluation Center is temporarily unavailable. To access this download, see [Accessing trials and kits for Windows (Eval Center workaround)](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-11/accessing-trials-and-kits-for-windows-eval-center-workaround/m-p/3361125).<!-- 6049663 -->
- [MDT](/mem/configmgr/mdt) is a collection of tools, processes, and guidance for automating desktop and server deployment.
- The [Windows ADK](/windows-hardware/get-started/adk-install) has tools that allow you to customize Windows images for large-scale deployment, and test system quality and performance. You can download the latest version of the Windows ADK for Windows 10 from the Hardware Dev Center.
- question: |
Can I upgrade computers from Windows 7 or Windows 8.1 without deploying a new image?
@ -83,9 +93,9 @@ sections:
- question: |
Can I upgrade from Windows 7 Enterprise or Windows 8.1 Enterprise to Windows 10 Enterprise for free?
answer: |
If you have Windows 7 Enterprise or Windows 8.1 Enterprise and current Windows 10 Enterprise E3 or E5 subscription, you are entitled to the upgrade to Windows 10 Enterprise through the rights of Software Assurance. You can find your product keys and installation media at the [Volume Licensing Service Center](https://www.microsoft.com/Licensing/servicecenter/default.aspx).
If you have Windows 7 Enterprise or Windows 8.1 Enterprise and current Windows 10 Enterprise E3 or E5 subscription, you're entitled to the upgrade to Windows 10 Enterprise through the rights of Software Assurance. You can find your product keys and installation media at the [Volume Licensing Service Center](https://www.microsoft.com/Licensing/servicecenter/default.aspx).
For devices that are licensed under a volume license agreement for Windows that does not include Software Assurance, new licenses will be required to upgrade these devices to Windows 10.
For devices that are licensed under a volume license agreement for Windows that doesn't include Software Assurance, new licenses will be required to upgrade these devices to Windows 10.
- name: Managing updates
questions:
@ -97,7 +107,7 @@ sections:
- question: |
How is servicing different with Windows as a service?
answer: |
Traditional Windows servicing has included several release types: major revisions (e.g., the Windows 8.1, Windows 8, and Windows 7 operating systems), service packs, and monthly updates. With Windows 10, there are two release types: feature updates that add new functionality two to three times per year, and quality updates that provide security and reliability fixes at least once a month.
Traditional Windows servicing has included several release types: major revisions (for example, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, and Windows 7 operating systems), service packs, and monthly updates. With Windows 10, there are two release types: feature updates that add new functionality two to three times per year, and quality updates that provide security and reliability fixes at least once a month.
- question: |
What are the servicing channels?
@ -107,13 +117,13 @@ sections:
- question: |
What tools can I use to manage Windows as a service updates?
answer: |
There are many tools are available. You can choose from these:
There are many available tools:
- Windows Update
- Windows Update for Business
- Windows Server Update Services
- Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager
For more information on pros and cons for these tools, see [Servicing Tools](../update/waas-overview.md#servicing-tools).
For more information, see [Servicing Tools](../update/waas-overview.md#servicing-tools).
- name: User experience
questions:
@ -122,17 +132,17 @@ sections:
answer: |
For an overview of the new enterprise features in Windows 10 Enterprise, see [What's new in Windows 10](/windows/whats-new/) and [What's new in Windows 10, version 1703](/windows/whats-new/whats-new-windows-10-version-1703) in the Docs library.
Another place to track the latest information about new features of interest to IT professionals is the [Windows for IT Pros blog](https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/windowsitpro/). Here you’ll find announcements of new features, information on updates to the Windows servicing model, and details about the latest resources to help you more easily deploy and manage Windows 10.
Another place to track the latest information about new features of interest to IT professionals is the [Windows for IT Pros blog](https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/windowsitpro/). Here you'll find announcements of new features, information on updates to the Windows servicing model, and details about the latest resources to help you more easily deploy and manage Windows 10.
To find out which version of Windows 10 is right for your organization, you can also [compare Windows editions](https://www.microsoft.com/WindowsForBusiness/Compare).
- question: |
How will people in my organization adjust to using Windows 10 Enterprise after upgrading from Windows 7 or Windows 8.1?
answer: |
Windows 10 combines the best aspects of the user experience from Windows 8.1 and Windows 7 to make using Windows simple and straightforward. Users of Windows 7 will find the Start menu in the same location as they always have. In the same place, users of Windows 8.1 will find the live tiles from their Start screen, accessible by the Start button in the same way as they were accessed in Windows 8.1. To help you make the transition a seamless one, download the [Windows 10 Adoption Planning Kit](https://info.microsoft.com/Windows10AdoptionPlanningKit) and see our [end user readiness](/windows/windows-10/) resources.
Windows 10 combines the best aspects of the user experience from Windows 8.1 and Windows 7 to make using Windows simple and straightforward. Users of Windows 7 will find the Start menu in the same location as they always have. In the same place, users of Windows 8.1 will find the live tiles from their Start screen, accessible by the Start button in the same way as they were accessed in Windows 8.1.
- question: |
How does Windows 10 help people work with applications and data across a variety of devices?
How does Windows 10 help people work with applications and data across various devices?
answer: |
The desktop experience in Windows 10 has been improved to provide a better experience for people that use a traditional mouse and keyboard. Key changes include:
- Start menu is a launching point for access to apps.
@ -146,7 +156,7 @@ sections:
Where can I ask a question about Windows 10?
answer: |
Use the following resources for additional information about Windows 10.
- If you are an IT professional or if you have a question about administering, managing, or deploying Windows 10 in your organization or business, visit the [Windows 10 IT Professional forums](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/forums/home?category=windows10itpro) on TechNet.
- If you are an end user or if you have a question about using Windows 10, visit the [Windows 10 forums on Microsoft Community](https://answers.microsoft.com/windows/forum).
- If you are a developer or if you have a question about making apps for Windows 10, visit the [Windows Desktop Development forums](https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/forums/en-us/home?category=windowsdesktopdev).
- If you're an IT professional or if you have a question about administering, managing, or deploying Windows 10 in your organization or business, visit the [Windows 10 IT Professional forums](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/forums/home?category=windows10itpro) on TechNet.
- If you're an end user or if you have a question about using Windows 10, visit the [Windows 10 forums on Microsoft Community](https://answers.microsoft.com/windows/forum).
- If you're a developer or if you have a question about making apps for Windows 10, visit the [Windows Desktop Development forums](https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/forums/en-us/home?category=windowsdesktopdev).
- If you have a question about Internet Explorer, visit the [Internet Explorer forums](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/forums/ie/en-us/home).

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windows/deployment/windows-10-poc-sc-config-mgr.md
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windows/deployment/windows-10-poc.md
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@ -1,27 +1,22 @@
---
title: Configure a test lab to deploy Windows 10
description: In this article, you will learn about concepts and procedures for deploying Windows 10 in a proof of concept lab environment.
ms.custom: seo-marvel-apr2020
description: Learn about concepts and procedures for deploying Windows 10 in a proof of concept lab environment.
ms.reviewer:
manager: dougeby
ms.audience: itpro
ms.author: aaroncz
author: aczechowski
ms.prod: w10
ms.mktglfcycl: deploy
ms.sitesec: library
ms.pagetype: deploy
keywords: deployment, automate, tools, configure, mdt, sccm
ms.technology: windows
ms.localizationpriority: medium
audience: itpro
ms.topic: article
ms.topic: tutorial
ms.date: 05/12/2022
---
# Step by step guide: Configure a test lab to deploy Windows 10
**Applies to**
*Applies to*
- Windows 10
- Windows 10
This guide contains instructions to configure a proof of concept (PoC) environment requiring a minimum amount of resources.
@ -30,37 +25,35 @@ This guide contains instructions to configure a proof of concept (PoC) environme
This lab guide makes extensive use of Windows PowerShell and Hyper-V. Subsequent companion guides contain steps to deploy Windows 10 using the PoC environment. After completing this guide, see the following Windows 10 PoC deployment guides:
- [Step by step: Deploy Windows 10 in a test lab using MDT](windows-10-poc-mdt.md)<BR>
- [Step by step: Deploy Windows 10 in a test lab using Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager](windows-10-poc-sc-config-mgr.md)<BR>
- [Step by step: Deploy Windows 10 in a test lab using Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager](windows-10-poc-sc-config-mgr.md)
- [Step by step: Deploy Windows 10 in a test lab using MDT](windows-10-poc-mdt.md)
The PoC deployment guides are intended to provide a demonstration of Windows 10 deployment tools and processes for IT professionals that are not familiar with these tools, and those that are interested in setting up a proof of concept environment. The instructions in this guide should not be used in a production setting, and are not meant to replace the instructions found in production deployment guidance.
The proof of concept (PoC) deployment guides are intended to provide a demonstration of Windows 10 deployment tools and processes for IT professionals that aren't familiar with these tools, and you want to set up a PoC environment. Don't use the instructions in this guide in a production setting. They aren't meant to replace the instructions found in production deployment guidance.
Approximately 3 hours are required to configure the PoC environment. You will need a Hyper-V capable computer running Windows 8.1 or later with at least 16GB of RAM. Detailed [requirements](#hardware-and-software-requirements) are provided below. You will also need to have a [Microsoft account](https://www.microsoft.com/account) to use for downloading evaluation software.
Approximately 3 hours are required to configure the PoC environment. You'll need a Hyper-V capable computer running Windows 8.1 or later with at least 16 GB of RAM. Detailed [requirements](#hardware-and-software-requirements) are provided below.
Windows PowerShell commands are provided to set up the PoC environment quickly. You do not need to be an expert in Windows PowerShell to complete the steps in the guide, however you are required to customize some commands to your environment.
Windows PowerShell commands are provided to set up the PoC environment quickly. You don't need to be an expert in Windows PowerShell to complete the steps in the guide, however you'll need to customize some commands to your environment.
> [!TIP]
> Instructions to "type" Windows PowerShell commands provided in this guide can be followed literally by typing the commands, but the preferred method is to copy and paste these commands.
>
> A Windows PowerShell window can be used to run all commands in this guide. However, when commands are specified for a command prompt, you must either type CMD at the Windows PowerShell prompt to enter the command prompt, or preface the command with "cmd /c", or if desired you can escape special characters in the command using the back-tick character (`). In most cases, the simplest thing is to type cmd and enter a command prompt, type the necessary commands, then type "exit" to return to Windows PowerShell.
> A Windows PowerShell window can be used to run all commands in this guide. However, when commands are specified for a command prompt, either type CMD at the Windows PowerShell prompt to enter the command prompt, or preface the command with `cmd /c`. You can also escape special characters in the command using the back-tick character (\`). In most cases, the simplest action is to type `cmd` and enter a command prompt, type the necessary commands, then type `exit` to return to Windows PowerShell.
Hyper-V is installed, configured and used extensively in this guide. If you are not familiar with Hyper-V, review the [terminology](#appendix-b-terminology-used-in-this-guide) used in this guide before starting.
Hyper-V is installed, configured and used extensively in this guide. If you aren't familiar with Hyper-V, review the [terminology](#appendix-b-terminology-used-in-this-guide) used in this guide before starting.
## In this guide
This guide contains instructions for three general procedures: Install Hyper-V, configure Hyper-V, and configure VMs. If you already have a computer running Hyper-V, you can use this computer and skip the first procedure. In this case, your virtual switch settings must be modified to match those used in this guide, or the steps in this guide can be modified to use your existing Hyper-V settings.
This guide contains instructions for three general procedures: Install Hyper-V, configure Hyper-V, and configure VMs. If you already have a computer running Hyper-V, you can use this computer and skip the first procedure. In this case, modify your virtual switch settings to match the settings used in this guide. Alternatively, you can modify the steps in this guide to use your existing Hyper-V settings.
After completing the instructions in this guide, you will have a PoC environment that enables you to test Windows 10 deployment procedures by following instructions in companion guides that are written to use the PoC environment. Links are provided to download trial versions of Windows Server 2012, Windows 10 Enterprise, and all deployment tools necessary to complete the lab.
After completing the instructions in this guide, you'll have a PoC environment that enables you to test Windows 10 deployment procedures by following instructions in companion guides that are written to use the PoC environment. Links are provided to download trial versions of Windows Server 2012, Windows 10 Enterprise, and all deployment tools necessary to complete the lab.
Topics and procedures in this guide are summarized in the following table. An estimate of the time required to complete each procedure is also provided. Time required to complete procedures will vary depending on the resources available to the Hyper-V host and assigned to VMs, such as processor speed, memory allocation, disk speed, and network speed.
The procedures in this guide are summarized in the following table. An estimate of the time required to complete each procedure is also provided. Time required to complete procedures will vary depending on the resources available to the Hyper-V host and assigned to VMs, such as processor speed, memory allocation, disk speed, and network speed.
<br/>
|Topic|Description|Time|
|Procedure|Description|Time|
|--- |--- |--- |
|[Hardware and software requirements](#hardware-and-software-requirements)|Prerequisites to complete this guide.|Informational|
|[Lab setup](#lab-setup)|A description and diagram of the PoC environment.|Informational|
|[Configure the PoC environment](#configure-the-poc-environment)|Parent topic for procedures.|Informational|
|[Configure the PoC environment](#configure-the-poc-environment)|Parent section for procedures.|Informational|
|[Verify support and install Hyper-V](#verify-support-and-install-hyper-v)|Verify that installation of Hyper-V is supported, and install the Hyper-V server role.|10 minutes|
|[Download VHD and ISO files](#download-vhd-and-iso-files)|Download evaluation versions of Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 10 and prepare these files to be used on the Hyper-V host.|30 minutes|
|[Convert PC to VM](#convert-pc-to-vm)|Convert a physical computer on your network to a VM hosted in Hyper-V.|30 minutes|
@ -75,31 +68,23 @@ Topics and procedures in this guide are summarized in the following table. An es
One computer that meets the hardware and software specifications below is required to complete the guide; A second computer is recommended to validate the upgrade process.
- **Computer 1**: the computer you will use to run Hyper-V and host virtual machines. This computer should have 16 GB or more of installed RAM and a multi-core processor.
- **Computer 2**: a client computer from your corporate network. It is shadow-copied to create a VM that can be added to the PoC environment, enabling you to test a mirror image of a computer on your network. If you do not have a computer to use for this simulation, you can download an evaluation VHD and use it to represent this computer. Subsequent guides use this computer to simulate Windows 10 replace and refresh scenarios, so the VM is required even if you cannot create this VM using computer 2.
- **Computer 1**: the computer you'll use to run Hyper-V and host virtual machines. This computer should have 16 GB or more of installed RAM and a multi-core processor.
- **Computer 2**: a client computer from your network. It's shadow-copied to create a VM that can be added to the PoC environment, enabling you to test a mirror image of a computer on your network. If you don't have a computer to use for this simulation, you can download an evaluation VHD and use it to represent this computer. Subsequent guides use this computer to simulate Windows 10 replace and refresh scenarios, so the VM is required even if you can't create this VM using computer 2.
Hardware requirements are displayed below:
<br/>
||Computer 1 (required)|Computer 2 (recommended)|
| |Computer 1 (required)|Computer 2 (recommended)|
|--- |--- |--- |
|**Role**|Hyper-V host|Client computer|
|**Description**|This computer will run Hyper-V, the Hyper-V management tools, and the Hyper-V Windows PowerShell module.|This computer is a Windows 7 or Windows 8/8.1 client on your corporate network that will be converted to a VM to demonstrate the upgrade process.|
|**OS**|Windows 8.1/10 or Windows Server 2012/2012 R2/2016*|Windows 7 or a later|
|**Description**|This computer will run Hyper-V, the Hyper-V management tools, and the Hyper-V Windows PowerShell module.|This computer is a Windows 8.1 client on your network that will be converted to a VM to demonstrate the upgrade process.|
|**OS**|Windows 8.1/10 or Windows Server 2012/2012 R2/2016|Windows 8.1 or a later|
|**Edition**|Enterprise, Professional, or Education|Any|
|**Architecture**|64-bit|Any <br/><br/> *Note: Retaining applications and settings requires that architecture (32 or 64-bit) is the same before and after the upgrade.*|
|**RAM**|8 GB RAM (16 GB recommended) to test Windows 10 deployment with MDT.<br>16 GB RAM to test Windows 10 deployment with Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager.|Any|
|**Disk**|200 GB available hard disk space, any format.|Any size, MBR formatted.|
|**Architecture**|64-bit|Any <br/><br/> Retaining applications and settings requires that architecture (32-bit or 64-bit) is the same before and after the upgrade.|
|**RAM**|8-GB RAM (16 GB recommended) to test Windows 10 deployment with MDT.<br>16-GB RAM to test Windows 10 deployment with Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager.|Any|
|**Disk**|200-GB available hard disk space, any format.|Any size, MBR formatted.|
|**CPU**|SLAT-Capable CPU|Any|
|**Network**|Internet connection|Any|
<B>\*</B><I>The Hyper-V server role can also be installed on a computer running Windows Server 2008 R2. However, the Windows PowerShell module for Hyper-V is not available on Windows Server 2008 R2, therefore you cannot use many of the steps provided in this guide to configure Hyper-V. To manage Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 R2, you can use Hyper-V WMI, or you can use the Hyper-V Manager console. Providing all steps in this guide as Hyper-V WMI or as 2008 R2 Hyper-V Manager procedures is beyond the scope of the guide.</I>
The Hyper-V role cannot be installed on Windows 7 or earlier versions of Windows.
## Lab setup
The lab architecture is summarized in the following diagram:
@ -108,12 +93,12 @@ The lab architecture is summarized in the following diagram:
- Computer 1 is configured to host four VMs on a private, PoC network.
- Two VMs are running Windows Server 2012 R2 with required network services and tools installed.
- Two VMs are client systems: One VM is intended to mirror a host on your corporate network (computer 2) and one VM is running Windows 10 Enterprise to demonstrate the hardware replacement scenario.
- Two VMs are client systems: One VM is intended to mirror a host on your network (computer 2) and one VM is running Windows 10 Enterprise to demonstrate the hardware replacement scenario.
> [!NOTE]
> If you have an existing Hyper-V host, you can use this host and skip the Hyper-V installation section in this guide.
<I>The two Windows Server VMs can be combined into a single VM to conserve RAM and disk space if required. However, instructions in this guide assume two server systems are used. Using two servers enables Active Directory Domain Services and DHCP to be installed on a server that is not directly connected to the corporate network. This mitigates the risk of clients on the corporate network receiving DHCP leases from the PoC network (i.e. "rogue" DHCP), and limits NETBIOS service broadcasts.</I>
The two Windows Server VMs can be combined into a single VM to conserve RAM and disk space if necessary. However, instructions in this guide assume two server systems are used. Using two servers enables Active Directory Domain Services and DHCP to be installed on a server that isn't directly connected to the network. This action mitigates the risk of clients on the network receiving DHCP leases from the PoC network. In other words, a "rogue" DHCP server. It also limits NETBIOS service broadcasts.
## Configure the PoC environment
@ -122,16 +107,16 @@ The lab architecture is summarized in the following diagram:
### Procedures in this section
[Verify support and install Hyper-V](#verify-support-and-install-hyper-v)<BR>
[Download VHD and ISO files](#download-vhd-and-iso-files)<BR>
[Convert PC to VM](#convert-pc-to-vm)<BR>
[Resize VHD](#resize-vhd)<BR>
[Configure Hyper-V](#configure-hyper-v)<BR>
[Configure VMs](#configure-vms)<BR>
- [Verify support and install Hyper-V](#verify-support-and-install-hyper-v)
- [Download VHD and ISO files](#download-vhd-and-iso-files)
- [Convert PC to VM](#convert-pc-to-vm)
- [Resize VHD](#resize-vhd)
- [Configure Hyper-V](#configure-hyper-v)
- [Configure VMs](#configure-vms)
### Verify support and install Hyper-V
Starting with Windows 8, the host computer’s microprocessor must support second level address translation (SLAT) to install Hyper-V. See [Hyper-V: List of SLAT-Capable CPUs for Hosts](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1401.hyper-v-list-of-slat-capable-cpus-for-hosts.aspx) for more information.
Starting with Windows 8, the host computer's microprocessor must support second level address translation (SLAT) to install Hyper-V. See [Hyper-V: List of SLAT-Capable CPUs for Hosts](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1401.hyper-v-list-of-slat-capable-cpus-for-hosts.aspx) for more information.
1. To verify your computer supports SLAT, open an administrator command prompt, type **systeminfo**, press ENTER, and review the section displayed at the bottom of the output, next to Hyper-V Requirements. See the following example:
@ -147,7 +132,7 @@ Starting with Windows 8, the host computer’s microprocessor must support secon
In this example, the computer supports SLAT and Hyper-V.
If one or more requirements are evaluated as **No** then the computer does not support installing Hyper-V. However, if only the virtualization setting is incompatible, you might be able to enable virtualization in the BIOS and change the **Virtualization Enabled In Firmware** setting from **No** to **Yes**. The location of this setting will depend on the manufacturer and BIOS version, but is typically found associated with the BIOS security settings.
If one or more requirements are evaluated as **No**, then the computer doesn't support installing Hyper-V. However, if only the virtualization setting is incompatible, you might be able to enable virtualization in the BIOS and change the **Virtualization Enabled In Firmware** setting from **No** to **Yes**. The location of this setting will depend on the manufacturer and BIOS version, but is typically found associated with the BIOS security settings.
You can also identify Hyper-V support using [tools](/archive/blogs/taylorb/hyper-v-will-my-computer-run-hyper-v-detecting-intel-vt-and-amd-v) provided by the processor manufacturer, the [msinfo32](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/cc731397(v=ws.11)) tool, or you can download the [coreinfo](/sysinternals/downloads/coreinfo) utility and run it, as shown in the following example:
@ -169,19 +154,19 @@ Starting with Windows 8, the host computer’s microprocessor must support secon
> [!NOTE]
> A 64-bit operating system is required to run Hyper-V.
2. The Hyper-V feature is not installed by default. To install it, open an elevated Windows PowerShell window and type the following command:
2. The Hyper-V feature isn't installed by default. To install it, open an elevated Windows PowerShell window and type the following command:
```powershell
Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V -All
```
This command works on all operating systems that support Hyper-V, but on Windows Server operating systems you must type an additional command to add the Hyper-V Windows PowerShell module and the Hyper-V Manager console. This command will also install Hyper-V if it isn't already installed, so if desired you can just type the following command on Windows Server 2012 or 2016 instead of using the Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature command:
This command works on all operating systems that support Hyper-V, but on Windows Server operating systems you must type an extra command to add the Hyper-V Windows PowerShell module and the Hyper-V Manager console. This command will also install Hyper-V if it isn't already installed, so if desired you can just type the following command on Windows Server 2012 or 2016 instead of using the Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature command:
```powershell
Install-WindowsFeature -Name Hyper-V -IncludeManagementTools
```
When you are prompted to restart the computer, choose **Yes**. The computer might restart more than once. After installation is complete, you can open Hyper-V Manager by typing **virtmgmt.msc** at an elevated command prompt.
When you're prompted to restart the computer, choose **Yes**. The computer might restart more than once. After installation is complete, you can open Hyper-V Manager by typing **virtmgmt.msc** at an elevated command prompt.
Alternatively, you can install Hyper-V using the Control Panel in Windows under **Turn Windows features on or off** for a client operating system, or using Server Manager's **Add Roles and Features Wizard** on a server operating system, as shown below:
@ -189,37 +174,41 @@ Starting with Windows 8, the host computer’s microprocessor must support secon
![hyper-v.](images/svr_mgr2.png)
If you choose to install Hyper-V using Server Manager, accept all default selections. Also be sure to install both items under <strong>Role Administration Tools\Hyper-V Management Tools</strong>.
If you choose to install Hyper-V using Server Manager, accept all default selections. Also be sure to install both items under **Role Administration Tools\Hyper-V Management Tools**.
### Download VHD and ISO files
When you have completed installation of Hyper-V on the host computer, begin configuration of Hyper-V by downloading VHD and ISO files to the Hyper-V host. These files will be used to create the VMs used in the lab. Before you can download VHD and ISO files, you will need to register and sign in to the [TechNet Evaluation Center](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/) using your Microsoft account.
When you have completed installation of Hyper-V on the host computer, begin configuration of Hyper-V by downloading VHD and ISO files to the Hyper-V host. These files will be used to create the VMs used in the lab.
1. Create a directory on your Hyper-V host named **C:\VHD** and download a single [Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-server-2012-r2) from the TechNet Evaluation Center to the **C:\VHD** directory.
1. Create a directory on your Hyper-V host named **C:\VHD**. Download a single VHD file for **Windows Server** to the **C:\VHD** directory.
> [!NOTE]
> The Microsoft Evaluation Center is temporarily unavailable. To access this download, see [Accessing trials and kits for Windows (Eval Center workaround)](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-11/accessing-trials-and-kits-for-windows-eval-center-workaround/m-p/3361125).<!-- 6049663 -->
>
> The currently available downloads are Windows Server 2019 or Windows Server 2022. The rest of this article refers to "Windows Server 2012 R2" and similar variations.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> This guide assumes that VHDs are stored in the **C:\VHD** directory on the Hyper-V host. If you use a different directory to store VHDs, you must adjust steps in this guide appropriately.
After completing registration you will be able to download the 7.47 GB Windows Server 2012 R2 evaluation VHD. An example of the download offering is shown below.
:::image type="content" alt-text="VHD" source="images/download_vhd.png":::
2. Download the file to the **C:\VHD** directory. When the download is complete, rename the VHD file that you downloaded to **2012R2-poc-1.vhd**. This is done to make the filename simple to recognize and type.
2. Download the file to the **C:\VHD** directory. When the download is complete, rename the VHD file that you downloaded to **2012R2-poc-1.vhd**. Do this action to make the filename simple to recognize and type.
3. Copy the VHD to a second file also in the **C:\VHD** directory and name this VHD **2012R2-poc-2.vhd**.
4. Download the [Windows 10 Enterprise ISO](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise) from the TechNet Evaluation Center to the **C:\VHD** directory on your Hyper-V host.
During registration, you must specify the type, version, and language of installation media to download. In this example, a Windows 10 Enterprise, 64 bit, English ISO is chosen. You can choose a different version if desired.
4. Download the **Windows 10 Enterprise** ISO file to the **C:\VHD** directory on your Hyper-V host.
> [!NOTE]
> The evaluation version of Windows 10 does not support in-place upgrade**.
> The Microsoft Evaluation Center is temporarily unavailable. To access this download, see [Accessing trials and kits for Windows (Eval Center workaround)](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-11/accessing-trials-and-kits-for-windows-eval-center-workaround/m-p/3361125).<!-- 6049663 -->
5. Rename the ISO file that you downloaded to **w10-enterprise.iso**. Again, this is done so that the filename is simple to type and recognize. After completing registration you will be able to download the 3.63 GB Windows 10 Enterprise evaluation ISO.
You can select the type, version, and language of installation media to download. In this example, a Windows 10 Enterprise, 64 bit, English ISO is chosen. You can choose a different version.
After completing these steps, you will have three files in the **C:\VHD** directory: **2012R2-poc-1.vhd**, **2012R2-poc-2.vhd**, **w10-enterprise.iso**.
> [!NOTE]
> The evaluation version of Windows 10 doesn't support in-place upgrade**.
The following displays the procedures described in this section, both before and after downloading files:
5. Rename the ISO file that you downloaded to **w10-enterprise.iso**. This step is so that the filename is simple to type and recognize.
After completing these steps, you'll have three files in the **C:\VHD** directory: **2012R2-poc-1.vhd**, **2012R2-poc-2.vhd**, **w10-enterprise.iso**.
The following example displays the procedures described in this section, both before and after downloading files:
```console
C:>mkdir VHD
@ -237,17 +226,17 @@ When you have completed installation of Hyper-V on the host computer, begin conf
### Convert PC to VM
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Do not attempt to use the VM resulting from the following procedure as a reference image. Also, to avoid conflicts with existing clients, do not start the VM outside the PoC network.
> Don't attempt to use the VM resulting from the following procedure as a reference image. Also, to avoid conflicts with existing clients, don't start the VM outside the PoC network.
If you do not have a PC available to convert to VM, perform the following steps to download an evaluation VM:
If you don't have a PC available to convert to VM, do the following steps to download an evaluation VM:
1. Open the [Download virtual machines](https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/vms/) page.
1. Open the [Download virtual machines](https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/vms/) page.<!-- only works with locale :( -->
2. Under **Virtual machine**, choose **IE11 on Win7**.
3. Under **Select platform** choose **HyperV (Windows)**.
4. Click **Download .zip**. The download is 3.31 GB.
3. Under **Select platform**, choose **HyperV (Windows)**.
4. Select **Download .zip**. The download is 3.31 GB.
5. Extract the zip file. Three directories are created.
6. Open the **Virtual Hard Disks** directory and then copy **IE11 - Win7.vhd** to the **C:\VHD** directory.
7. Rename **IE11 - Win7.vhd** to **w7.vhd** (do not rename the file to w7.vhdx).
7. Rename **IE11 - Win7.vhd** to **w7.vhd** (don't rename the file to w7.vhdx).
8. In step 5 of the [Configure Hyper-V](#configure-hyper-v) section, replace the VHD file name **w7.vhdx** with **w7.vhd**.
If you have a PC available to convert to VM (computer 2):
@ -255,7 +244,7 @@ If you have a PC available to convert to VM (computer 2):
1. Sign in on computer 2 using an account with Administrator privileges.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> The account used in this step must have local administrator privileges. You can use a local computer account, or a domain account with administrative rights if domain policy allows the use of cached credentials. After converting the computer to a VM, you must be able to sign in on this VM with administrator rights while the VM is disconnected from the corporate network.
> The account used in this step must have local administrator privileges. You can use a local computer account, or a domain account with administrative rights if domain policy allows the use of cached credentials. After converting the computer to a VM, you must be able to sign in on this VM with administrator rights while the VM is disconnected from the network.
2. [Determine the VM generation and partition type](#determine-the-vm-generation-and-partition-type) that is required.
3. Based on the VM generation and partition type, perform one of the following procedures: [Prepare a generation 1 VM](#prepare-a-generation-1-vm), [Prepare a generation 2 VM](#prepare-a-generation-2-vm), or [prepare a generation 1 VM from a GPT disk](#prepare-a-generation-1-vm-from-a-gpt-disk).
@ -278,7 +267,7 @@ If the PC is running a 32-bit OS or the OS is Windows 7, it must be converted to
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_DiskPartition | Select-Object -Property SystemName,Caption,Type
```
If the **Type** column does not indicate GPT, then the disk partition format is MBR ("Installable File System" = MBR). In the following example, the disk is GPT:
If the **Type** column doesn't indicate GPT, then the disk partition format is MBR ("Installable File System" = MBR). In the following example, the disk is GPT:
```powershell
PS C:> Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_DiskPartition | Select-Object -Property SystemName,Caption,Type
@ -345,12 +334,11 @@ The following tables display the Hyper-V VM generation to choose based on the OS
> [!NOTE]
>
>- If the PC is running Windows 7, it can only be converted and hosted in Hyper-V as a generation 1 VM. This Hyper-V requirement means that if the Windows 7 PC is also using a GPT partition style, the OS disk can be shadow copied, but a new system partition must be created. In this case, see [Prepare a generation 1 VM from a GPT disk](#prepare-a-generation-1-vm-from-a-gpt-disk).
> - If the PC is running Windows 7, it can only be converted and hosted in Hyper-V as a generation 1 VM. This Hyper-V requirement means that if the Windows 7 PC is also using a GPT partition style, the OS disk can be shadow copied, but a new system partition must be created. In this case, see [Prepare a generation 1 VM from a GPT disk](#prepare-a-generation-1-vm-from-a-gpt-disk).
>
>- If the PC is running Windows 8 or later and uses the GPT partition style, you can capture the disk image and create a generation 2 VM. To do this, you must temporarily mount the EFI system partition which is accomplished using the <strong>mountvol</strong> command. In this case, see [Prepare a generation 2 VM](#prepare-a-generation-2-vm).
> - If the PC is running Windows 8 or later and uses the GPT partition style, you can capture the disk image and create a generation 2 VM. To do this, you must temporarily mount the EFI system partition which is accomplished using the `mountvol` command. In this case, see [Prepare a generation 2 VM](#prepare-a-generation-2-vm).
>
>- If the PC is using an MBR partition style, you can convert the disk to VHD and use it to create a generation 1 VM. If you use the Disk2VHD tool described in this guide, it is not necessary to mount the MBR system partition, but it is still necessary to capture it. In this case, see [Prepare a generation 1 VM](#prepare-a-generation-1-vm).
> - If the PC is using an MBR partition style, you can convert the disk to VHD and use it to create a generation 1 VM. If you use the Disk2VHD tool described in this guide, it is not necessary to mount the MBR system partition, but it is still necessary to capture it. In this case, see [Prepare a generation 1 VM](#prepare-a-generation-1-vm).
#### Prepare a generation 1 VM
@ -361,16 +349,16 @@ The following tables display the Hyper-V VM generation to choose based on the OS
2. On the computer you wish to convert, double-click the disk2vhd utility to start the graphical user interface.
3. Select the checkboxes next to the **C:\\** and the **system reserved** (BIOS/MBR) volumes. The system volume is not assigned a drive letter, but will be displayed in the Disk2VHD tool with a volume label similar to **\\?\Volume{**. See the following example.
3. Select the checkboxes next to the `C:\` and the **system reserved** (BIOS/MBR) volumes. The system volume isn't assigned a drive letter, but will be displayed in the Disk2VHD tool with a volume label similar to `\?\Volume{`. See the following example.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> You must include the system volume in order to create a bootable VHD. If this volume is not displayed in the disk2vhd tool, then the computer is likely to be using the GPT partition style. For more information, see [Determine VM generation](#determine-vm-generation).
> You must include the system volume in order to create a bootable VHD. If this volume isn't displayed in the disk2vhd tool, then the computer is likely to be using the GPT partition style. For more information, see [Determine VM generation](#determine-vm-generation).
4. Specify a location to save the resulting VHD or VHDX file (F:\VHD\w7.vhdx in the following example) and click **Create**. See the following example:
4. Specify a location to save the resulting VHD or VHDX file (F:\VHD\w7.vhdx in the following example) and select **Create**. See the following example:
![disk2vhd 1.](images/disk2vhd.png)
Disk2vhd can save VHDs to local hard drives, even if they are the same as the volumes being converted. Performance is better, however, when the VHD is saved on a disk different than those being converted, such as a flash drive.
Disk2vhd can save VHDs to local hard drives, even if they're the same as the volumes being converted. Performance is better, however, when the VHD is saved on a disk different than the disks being converted, such as a flash drive.
5. When the Disk2vhd utility has completed converting the source computer to a VHD, copy the VHDX file (w7.vhdx) to your Hyper-V host in the C:\VHD directory. There should now be four files in this directory:
@ -398,16 +386,16 @@ The following tables display the Hyper-V VM generation to choose based on the OS
This command temporarily assigns a drive letter of S to the system volume and mounts it. If the letter S is already assigned to a different volume on the computer, then choose one that is available (ex: mountvol z: /s).
3. On the computer you wish to convert, double-click the disk2vhd utility to start the graphical user interface.
4. Select the checkboxes next to the **C:\\** and the **S:\\** volumes, and clear the **Use Volume Shadow Copy checkbox**. Volume shadow copy will not work if the EFI system partition is selected.
4. Select the checkboxes next to the **C:\\** and the **S:\\** volumes, and clear the **Use Volume Shadow Copy checkbox**. Volume shadow copy won't work if the EFI system partition is selected.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> You must include the EFI system partition in order to create a bootable VHD. The Windows RE tools partition (shown below) is not required, but it can also be converted if desired.
5. Specify a location to save the resulting VHD or VHDX file (F:\VHD\PC1.vhdx in the following example) and click **Create**. See the following example:
5. Specify a location to save the resulting VHD or VHDX file (F:\VHD\PC1.vhdx in the following example) and select **Create**. See the following example:
![disk2vhd 2.](images/disk2vhd-gen2.png)
Disk2vhd can save VHDs to local hard drives, even if they are the same as the volumes being converted. Performance is better however when the VHD is saved on a disk different than those being converted, such as a flash drive.
Disk2vhd can save VHDs to local hard drives, even if they're the same as the volumes being converted. Performance is better however when the VHD is saved on a disk different than those disks being converted, such as a flash drive.
6. When the Disk2vhd utility has completed converting the source computer to a VHD, copy the VHDX file (PC1.vhdx) to your Hyper-V host in the C:\VHD directory. There should now be four files in this directory:
@ -429,13 +417,13 @@ The following tables display the Hyper-V VM generation to choose based on the OS
3. Select the checkbox next to the **C:\\** volume and clear the checkbox next to **Use Vhdx**.
> [!NOTE]
> The system volume is not copied in this scenario, it will be added later.
> The system volume isn't copied in this scenario, it will be added later.
4. Specify a location to save the resulting VHD file (F:\VHD\w7.vhd in the following example) and click **Create**. See the following example:
4. Specify a location to save the resulting VHD file (F:\VHD\w7.vhd in the following example) and select **Create**. See the following example:
![disk2vhd 3.](images/disk2vhd4.png)
Disk2vhd can save VHDs to local hard drives, even if they are the same as the volumes being converted. Performance is better however when the VHD is saved on a disk different than those being converted, such as a flash drive.
Disk2vhd can save VHDs to local hard drives, even if they're the same as the volumes being converted. Performance is better however when the VHD is saved on a disk different than those disks being converted, such as a flash drive.
5. When the Disk2vhd utility has completed converting the source computer to a VHD, copy the VHD file (w7.vhd) to your Hyper-V host in the C:\VHD directory. There should now be four files in this directory:
@ -447,14 +435,12 @@ The following tables display the Hyper-V VM generation to choose based on the OS
w7.VHD
```
In its current state, the w7.VHD file is not bootable. The VHD will be used to create a bootable VM later in the [Configure Hyper-V](#configure-hyper-v) section.
In its current state, the w7.VHD file isn't bootable. The VHD will be used to create a bootable VM later in the [Configure Hyper-V](#configure-hyper-v) section.
### Resize VHD
<strong><I>Enhanced session mode</I></strong>
### Enhanced session mode
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Before proceeding, verify that you can take advantage of [enhanced session mode](/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/learn-more/Use-local-resources-on-Hyper-V-virtual-machine-with-VMConnect) when completing instructions in this guide. Enhanced session mode enables you to copy and paste the commands from the Hyper-V host to VMs, between VMs, and between RDP sessions. After copying some text, you can paste into a Windows PowerShell window by simply right-clicking. Before right-clicking, do not left click other locations as this can empty the clipboard. You can also copy and paste <U>files</U> directly from one computer to another by right-clicking and selecting copy on one computer, then right-clicking and selecting paste on another computer.
> Before proceeding, verify that you can take advantage of [enhanced session mode](/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/learn-more/Use-local-resources-on-Hyper-V-virtual-machine-with-VMConnect) when completing instructions in this guide. Enhanced session mode enables you to copy and paste the commands from the Hyper-V host to VMs, between VMs, and between RDP sessions. After copying some text, you can paste into a Windows PowerShell window by simply right-clicking. Before right-clicking, do not left click other locations as this can empty the clipboard. You can also copy and paste files directly from one computer to another by right-clicking and selecting copy on one computer, then right-clicking and selecting paste on another computer.
To ensure that enhanced session mode is enabled on the Hyper-V host, type the following command at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on the Hyper-V host:
@ -462,11 +448,11 @@ To ensure that enhanced session mode is enabled on the Hyper-V host, type the fo
Set-VMhost -EnableEnhancedSessionMode $TRUE
```
If enhanced session mode was not previously enabled, close any existing virtual machine connections and re-open them to enable access to enhanced session mode. As mentioned previously: instructions to "type" commands provided in this guide can be typed, but the preferred method is to copy and paste these commands. Most of the commands to this point in the guide have been brief, but many commands in sections below are longer and more complex.
If enhanced session mode wasn't previously enabled, close any existing virtual machine connections and reopen them to enable access to enhanced session mode. As mentioned previously: instructions to "type" commands provided in this guide can be typed, but the preferred method is to copy and paste these commands. Most of the commands to this point in the guide have been brief, but many commands in sections below are longer and more complex.
<HR size="4">
### Resize VHD
The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to 100GB to support installing imaging tools and storing OS images.
The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40 GB to 100 GB to support installing imaging tools and storing OS images.
1. To add available space for the partition, type the following commands at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on the Hyper-V host:
@ -487,15 +473,15 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
1. Open an elevated Windows PowerShell window and type the following command to create two virtual switches named "poc-internal" and "poc-external":
If the Hyper-V host already has an external virtual switch bound to a physical NIC, do not attempt to add a second external virtual switch. Attempting to add a second external switch will result in an error indicating that the NIC is **already bound to the Microsoft Virtual Switch protocol.** In this case, choose one of the following options:
If the Hyper-V host already has an external virtual switch bound to a physical NIC, don't attempt to add a second external virtual switch. Attempting to add a second external switch will result in an error indicating that the NIC is **already bound to the Microsoft Virtual Switch protocol.** In this case, choose one of the following options:
**A**: Remove the existing external virtual switch, then add the poc-external switch
**B**: Rename the existing external switch to "poc-external"
**C**: Replace each instance of "poc-external" used in this guide with the name of your existing external virtual switch<BR>
**C**: Replace each instance of "poc-external" used in this guide with the name of your existing external virtual switch
If you choose B) or C), then do not run the second command below.
If you choose B) or C), then don't run the second command below.
```powershell
New-VMSwitch -Name poc-internal -SwitchType Internal -Notes "PoC Network"
@ -505,7 +491,7 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
> [!NOTE]
> The second command above will temporarily interrupt network connectivity on the Hyper-V host.
Since an external virtual switch is associated to a physical network adapter on the Hyper-V host, this adapter must be specified when adding the virtual switch. The previous commands automate this by filtering for active non-virtual ethernet adapters using the Get-NetAdapter cmdlet ($_.Status -eq "Up" -and !$_.Virtual). If your Hyper-V host is dual-homed with multiple active ethernet adapters, this automation will not work, and the second command above will fail. In this case, you must edit the command used to add the "poc-external" virtual switch by inserting the appropriate NetAdapterName. The NetAdapterName value corresponds to the name of the network interface you wish to use. For example, if the network interface you use on the Hyper-V host to connect to the Internet is named "Ethernet 2" then type the following command to create an external virtual switch: New-VMSwitch -Name poc-external -NetAdapterName "Ethernet 2" -Notes "PoC External"
Since an external virtual switch is associated to a physical network adapter on the Hyper-V host, this adapter must be specified when adding the virtual switch. The previous commands automate this action by filtering for active non-virtual ethernet adapters using the Get-NetAdapter cmdlet (`$_.Status -eq "Up" -and !$_.Virtual`). If your Hyper-V host is dual-homed with multiple active ethernet adapters, this automation won't work, and the second command above will fail. In this case, you must edit the command used to add the "poc-external" virtual switch by inserting the appropriate NetAdapterName. The NetAdapterName value corresponds to the name of the network interface you wish to use. For example, if the network interface you use on the Hyper-V host to connect to the internet is named "Ethernet 2" then type the following command to create an external virtual switch: `New-VMSwitch -Name poc-external -NetAdapterName "Ethernet 2" -Notes "PoC External"`
2. At the elevated Windows PowerShell prompt, type the following command to determine the megabytes of RAM that are currently available on the Hyper-V host:
@ -513,7 +499,7 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
(Get-VMHostNumaNode).MemoryAvailable
```
This command will display the megabytes of RAM available for VMs. On a Hyper-V host computer with 16 GB of physical RAM installed, 10,000 MB of RAM or greater should be available if the computer is not also running other applications. On a computer with 8 GB of physical RAM installed, at least 4000 MB should be available. If the computer has less RAM available than this, try closing applications to free up more memory.
This command will display the megabytes of RAM available for VMs. On a Hyper-V host computer with 16 GB of physical RAM installed, 10,000 MB of RAM or greater should be available if the computer isn't also running other applications. On a computer with 8 GB of physical RAM installed, at least 4000 MB should be available. If the computer has less RAM available, try closing applications to free up more memory.
3. Determine the available memory for VMs by dividing the available RAM by 4. For example:
@ -566,7 +552,7 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
> [!NOTE]
> The following procedure is more complex because it includes steps to convert the OS partition from GPT to MBR format. Steps are included to create a temporary VHD and attach it to the VM, the OS image is saved to this drive, the OS drive is then reformatted to MBR, the OS image restored, and the temporary drive is removed.
First, type the following commands at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on the Hyper-V host to create a temporary VHD that will be used to save the OS image. Do not forget to include a pipe (|) at the end of the first five commands:
First, type the following commands at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on the Hyper-V host to create a temporary VHD that will be used to save the OS image. Don't forget to include a pipe (`|`) at the end of the first five commands:
```powershell
New-VHD -Path c:\vhd\d.vhd -SizeBytes 1TB |
@ -592,10 +578,10 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
The VM will automatically boot into Windows Setup. In the PC1 window:
1. Click **Next**.
2. Click **Repair your computer**.
3. Click **Troubleshoot**.
4. Click **Command Prompt**.
1. Select **Next**.
2. Select **Repair your computer**.
3. Select **Troubleshoot**.
4. Select **Command Prompt**.
5. Type the following command to save an image of the OS drive:
```console
@ -626,8 +612,8 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
exit
```
8. Click **Continue** and verify the VM boots successfully (do not boot from DVD).
9. Click **Ctrl+Alt+Del**, and then in the bottom right corner, click **Shut down**.
8. Select **Continue** and verify the VM boots successfully. Don't boot from DVD.
9. Select **Ctrl+Alt+Del**, and then in the bottom right corner, select **Shut down**.
10. Type the following commands at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on the Hyper-V host to remove the temporary disks and drives from PC1:
```powershell
@ -644,9 +630,9 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
vmconnect localhost DC1
```
2. Click **Next** to accept the default settings, read the license terms and click **I accept**, provide an administrator password of <strong>pass@word1</strong>, and click **Finish**.
3. Click **Ctrl+Alt+Del** in the upper left corner of the virtual machine connection window, and then sign in to DC1 using the Administrator account.
4. Right-click **Start**, point to **Shut down or sign out**, and click **Sign out**. The VM connection will reset and a new connection dialog box will appear enabling you to choose a custom display configuration. Select a desktop size, click **Connect** and sign in again with the local Administrator account. Note: Signing in this way ensures that [enhanced session mode](/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/learn-more/Use-local-resources-on-Hyper-V-virtual-machine-with-VMConnect) is enabled. It is only necessary to do this the first time you sign in to a new VM.
2. Select **Next** to accept the default settings, read the license terms and select **I accept**, provide a strong administrator password, and select **Finish**.
3. Select **Ctrl+Alt+Del** in the upper left corner of the virtual machine connection window, and then sign in to DC1 using the Administrator account.
4. Right-click **Start**, point to **Shut down or sign out**, and select **Sign out**. The VM connection will reset and a new connection dialog box will appear enabling you to choose a custom display configuration. Select a desktop size, select **Connect** and sign in again with the local Administrator account. Note: Signing in this way ensures that [enhanced session mode](/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/learn-more/Use-local-resources-on-Hyper-V-virtual-machine-with-VMConnect) is enabled. It's only necessary to do this action the first time you sign in to a new VM.
5. If DC1 is configured as described in this guide, it will currently be assigned an APIPA address, have a randomly generated hostname, and a single network adapter named "Ethernet." Open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on DC1 and type or paste the following commands to provide a new hostname and configure a static IP address and gateway:
```powershell
@ -699,9 +685,9 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
Set-DhcpServerv4OptionValue -ScopeId 192.168.0.0 -DnsDomain contoso.com -Router 192.168.0.2 -DnsServer 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2 -Force
```
The -Force option is necessary when adding scope options to skip validation of 192.168.0.2 as a DNS server because we have not configured it yet. The scope should immediately begin issuing leases on the PoC network. The first DHCP lease that will be issued is to vEthernet interface on the Hyper-V host, which is a member of the internal network. You can verify this by using the command: Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ScopeId 192.168.0.0.
The -Force option is necessary when adding scope options to skip validation of 192.168.0.2 as a DNS server because we haven't configured it yet. The scope should immediately begin issuing leases on the PoC network. The first DHCP lease that will be issued is to vEthernet interface on the Hyper-V host, which is a member of the internal network. You can verify this configuration by using the command: `Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ScopeId 192.168.0.0`
11. The DNS server role will also be installed on the member server, SRV1, at 192.168.0.2 so that we can forward DNS queries from DC1 to SRV1 to resolve Internet names without having to configure a forwarder outside the PoC network. Since the IP address of SRV1 already exists on DC1's network adapter, it will be automatically added during the DCPROMO process. To verify this server-level DNS forwarder on DC1, type the following command at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on DC1:
11. The DNS server role will also be installed on the member server, SRV1, at 192.168.0.2 so that we can forward DNS queries from DC1 to SRV1 to resolve internet names without having to configure a forwarder outside the PoC network. Since the IP address of SRV1 already exists on DC1's network adapter, it will be automatically added during the DCPROMO process. To verify this server-level DNS forwarder on DC1, type the following command at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on DC1:
```powershell
Get-DnsServerForwarder
@ -717,7 +703,7 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
ReorderedIPAddress : 192.168.0.2
```
If this output is not displayed, you can use the following command to add SRV1 as a forwarder:
If this output isn't displayed, you can use the following command to add SRV1 as a forwarder:
```powershell
Add-DnsServerForwarder -IPAddress 192.168.0.2
@ -725,9 +711,9 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
**Configure service and user accounts**
Windows 10 deployment with MDT and Microsoft Endpoint Manager requires specific accounts to perform some actions. Service accounts will be created to use for these tasks. A user account is also added in the contoso.com domain that can be used for testing purposes. In the test lab environment, passwords are set to never expire.
Windows 10 deployment with Configuration Manager and MDT requires specific accounts to perform some actions. Service accounts will be created to use for these tasks. A user account is also added in the contoso.com domain that can be used for testing purposes. In the test lab environment, passwords are set to never expire.
To keep this test lab relatively simple, we will not create a custom OU structure and set permissions. Required permissions are enabled by adding accounts to the Domain Admins group. To configure these settings in a production environment, see [Prepare for Zero Touch Installation of Windows 10 with Configuration Manager](deploy-windows-cm/prepare-for-zero-touch-installation-of-windows-10-with-configuration-manager.md)
To keep this test lab relatively simple, we won't create a custom OU structure and set permissions. Required permissions are enabled by adding accounts to the Domain Admins group. To configure these settings in a production environment, see [Prepare for Zero Touch Installation of Windows 10 with Configuration Manager](deploy-windows-cm/prepare-for-zero-touch-installation-of-windows-10-with-configuration-manager.md)
On DC1, open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt and type the following commands:
@ -746,9 +732,9 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
12. Minimize the DC1 VM window but **do not stop** the VM.
Next, the client VM will be started and joined to the contoso.com domain. This is done before adding a gateway to the PoC network so that there is no danger of duplicate DNS registrations for the physical client and its cloned VM in the corporate domain.
Next, the client VM will be started and joined to the contoso.com domain. This action is done before adding a gateway to the PoC network so that there's no danger of duplicate DNS registrations for the physical client and its cloned VM in the domain.
13. If the PC1 VM is not started yet, using an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on the Hyper-V host, start the client VM (PC1), and connect to it:
13. If the PC1 VM isn't started yet, using an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on the Hyper-V host, start the client VM (PC1), and connect to it:
```powershell
Start-VM PC1
@ -757,19 +743,19 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
14. Sign in to PC1 using an account that has local administrator rights.
PC1 will be disconnected from its current domain, so you cannot use a domain account to sign on unless these credentials are cached and the use of cached credentials is permitted by Group Policy. If cached credentials are available and permitted, you can use these credentials to sign in. Otherwise, use an existing local administrator account.
PC1 will be disconnected from its current domain, so you can't use a domain account to sign on unless these credentials are cached and the use of cached credentials is permitted by Group Policy. If cached credentials are available and permitted, you can use these credentials to sign in. Otherwise, use an existing local administrator account.
15. After signing in, the operating system detects that it is running in a new environment. New drivers will be automatically installed, including the network adapter driver. The network adapter driver must be updated before you can proceed, so that you will be able to join the contoso.com domain. Depending on the resources allocated to PC1, installing the network adapter driver might take a few minutes. You can monitor device driver installation by clicking **Show hidden icons** in the notification area.
15. After you sign in, Windows detects that it's running in a new environment. New drivers will be automatically installed, including the network adapter driver. The network adapter driver must be updated before you can proceed, so that you'll be able to join the contoso.com domain. Depending on the resources allocated to PC1, installing the network adapter driver might take a few minutes. You can monitor device driver installation by clicking **Show hidden icons** in the notification area.
![PoC 1.](images/installing-drivers.png)
If the client was configured with a static address, you must change this to a dynamic one so that it can obtain a DHCP lease.
If the client was configured with a static address, you must change this address to a dynamic one so that it can obtain a DHCP lease.
16. When the new network adapter driver has completed installation, you will receive an alert to set a network location for the contoso.com network. Select **Work network** and then click **Close**. When you receive an alert that a restart is required, click **Restart Later**.
16. When the new network adapter driver has completed installation, you'll receive an alert to set a network location for the contoso.com network. Select **Work network** and then select **Close**. When you receive an alert that a restart is required, select **Restart Later**.
17. Open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on PC1 and verify that the client VM has received a DHCP lease and can communicate with the consoto.com domain controller.
To open Windows PowerShell on Windows 7, click **Start**, and search for "**power**." Right-click **Windows PowerShell** and then click **Pin to Taskbar** so that it is simpler to use Windows PowerShell during this lab. Click **Windows PowerShell** on the taskbar, and then type **ipconfig** at the prompt to see the client's current IP address. Also type **ping dc1.contoso.com** and **nltest /dsgetdc:contoso.com** to verify that it can reach the domain controller. See the following examples of a successful network connection:
To open Windows PowerShell on Windows 7, select **Start**, and search for "**power**." Right-click **Windows PowerShell** and then select **Pin to Taskbar** so that it's simpler to use Windows PowerShell during this lab. Select **Windows PowerShell** on the taskbar, and then type `ipconfig` at the prompt to see the client's current IP address. Also type `ping dc1.contoso.com` and `nltest /dsgetdc:contoso.com` to verify that it can reach the domain controller. See the following examples of a successful network connection:
```console
ipconfig
@ -803,9 +789,9 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
```
> [!NOTE]
> If PC1 is running Windows 7, enhanced session mode might not be available, which means that you cannot copy and paste commands from the Hyper-V host to a Windows PowerShell prompt on PC1. However, it is possible to use integration services to copy a file from the Hyper-V host to a VM. The next procedure demonstrates this. If the Copy-VMFile command fails, then type the commands below at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on PC1 instead of saving them to a script to run remotely. If PC1 is running Windows 8 or a later operating system, you can use enhanced session mode to copy and paste these commands instead of typing them.
> If PC1 is running Windows 7, enhanced session mode might not be available, which means that you cannot copy and paste commands from the Hyper-V host to a Windows PowerShell prompt on PC1. However, it's possible to use integration services to copy a file from the Hyper-V host to a VM. The next procedure demonstrates this. If the Copy-VMFile command fails, then type the commands below at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on PC1 instead of saving them to a script to run remotely. If PC1 is running Windows 8 or a later operating system, you can use enhanced session mode to copy and paste these commands instead of typing them.
18. Minimize the PC1 window and switch to the Hyper-V host computer. Open an elevated Windows PowerShell ISE window on the Hyper-V host (right-click Windows PowerShell and then click **Run ISE as Administrator**) and type the following commands in the (upper) script editor pane:
18. Minimize the PC1 window and switch to the Hyper-V host computer. Open an elevated Windows PowerShell ISE window on the Hyper-V host (right-click Windows PowerShell and then select **Run ISE as Administrator**) and type the following commands in the (upper) script editor pane:
```powershell
(Get-WmiObject Win32_ComputerSystem).UnjoinDomainOrWorkgroup($null,$null,0)
@ -816,13 +802,13 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
Restart-Computer
```
If you do not see the script pane, click **View** and verify **Show Script Pane Top** is enabled. Click **File** and then click **New**.
If you don't see the script pane, select **View** and verify **Show Script Pane Top** is enabled. Select **File** and then select **New**.
See the following example:
:::image type="content" alt-text="ISE 1." source="images/ISE.png" lightbox="images/ISE.png":::
19. Click **File**, click **Save As**, and save the commands as **c:\VHD\pc1.ps1** on the Hyper-V host.
19. Select **File**, select **Save As**, and save the commands as **c:\VHD\pc1.ps1** on the Hyper-V host.
20. In the (lower) terminal input window, type the following commands to enable Guest Service Interface on PC1 and then use this service to copy the script to PC1:
@ -834,7 +820,7 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
> [!NOTE]
> In order for this command to work properly, PC1 must be running the vmicguestinterface (Hyper-V Guest Service Interface) service. If this service is not enabled in this step, then the copy-VMFile command will fail. In this case, you can try updating integration services on the VM by mounting the Hyper-V Integration Services Setup (vmguest.iso), which is located in C:\Windows\System32 on Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2 operating systems that are running the Hyper-V role service.
If the copy-vmfile command does not work and you cannot properly enable or upgrade integration services on PC1, then create the file c:\pc1.ps1 on the VM by typing the commands into this file manually. The copy-vmfile command is only used in this procedure as a demonstration of automation methods that can be used in a Hyper-V environment when enhanced session mode is not available. After typing the script file manually, be sure to save the file as a Windows PowerShell script file with the .ps1 extension and not as a text (.txt) file.
If the copy-vmfile command doesn't work and you can't properly enable or upgrade integration services on PC1, then create the file c:\pc1.ps1 on the VM by typing the commands into this file manually. The copy-vmfile command is only used in this procedure as a demonstration of automation methods that can be used in a Hyper-V environment when enhanced session mode isn't available. After typing the script file manually, be sure to save the file as a Windows PowerShell script file with the `.ps1` extension and not as a text (`.txt`) file.
21. On PC1, type the following commands at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt:
@ -842,14 +828,14 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
Get-Content c:\pc1.ps1 | powershell.exe -noprofile -
```
The commands in this script might take a few moments to complete. If an error is displayed, check that you typed the command correctly, paying close attention to spaces. PC1 is removed from its domain in this step while not connected to the corporate network so as to ensure the computer object in the corporate domain is unaffected. PC1 is also not renamed to "PC1" in system properties so that it maintains some of its mirrored identity. However, if desired you can also rename the computer.
The commands in this script might take a few moments to complete. If an error is displayed, check that you typed the command correctly, paying close attention to spaces. PC1 is removed from its domain in this step while not connected to the network so as to ensure the computer object in the domain is unaffected. PC1 is also not renamed to "PC1" in system properties so that it maintains some of its mirrored identity. However, if desired you can also rename the computer.
22. Upon completion of the script, PC1 will automatically restart. When it has restarted, sign in to the contoso.com domain using the **Switch User** option, with the **user1** account you created in step 11 of this section.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> The settings that will be used later to migrate user data specifically select only accounts that belong to the CONTOSO domain. However, this can be changed to migrate all user accounts, or only other specified accounts. If you wish to test migration of user data and settings with accounts other than those in the CONTOSO domain, you must specify these accounts or domains when you configure the value of **ScanStateArgs** in the MDT test lab guide. This value is specifically called out when you get to that step. If you wish to only migrate CONTOSO accounts, then you can log in with the user1 account or the administrator account at this time and modify some of the files and settings for later use in migration testing.
23. Minimize the PC1 window but do not turn it off while the second Windows Server 2012 R2 VM (SRV1) is configured. This verifies that the Hyper-V host has enough resources to run all VMs simultaneously. Next, SRV1 will be started, joined to the contoso.com domain, and configured with RRAS and DNS services.
23. Minimize the PC1 window but don't turn it off while the second Windows Server 2012 R2 VM (SRV1) is configured. This action verifies that the Hyper-V host has enough resources to run all VMs simultaneously. Next, SRV1 will be started, joined to the contoso.com domain, and configured with RRAS and DNS services.
24. On the Hyper-V host computer, at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt, type the following commands:
@ -858,7 +844,7 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
vmconnect localhost SRV1
```
25. Accept the default settings, read license terms and accept them, provide an administrator password of <strong>pass@word1</strong>, and click **Finish**. When you are prompted about finding PCs, devices, and content on the network, click **Yes**.
25. Accept the default settings, read license terms and accept them, provide a strong administrator password, and select **Finish**. When you're prompted about finding PCs, devices, and content on the network, select **Yes**.
26. Sign in to SRV1 using the local administrator account. In the same way that was done on DC1, sign out of SRV1 and then sign in again to enable enhanced session mode. This will enable you to copy and paste Windows PowerShell commands from the Hyper-V host to the VM.
@ -892,12 +878,12 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
Install-WindowsFeature -Name Routing -IncludeManagementTools
```
30. Before configuring the routing service that was just installed, verify that network interfaces were added to SRV1 in the right order, resulting in an interface alias of "Ethernet" for the private interface, and an interface alias of "Ethernet 2" for the public interface. Also verify that the external interface has a valid external DHCP IP address lease.
30. Before configuring the routing service that was installed, verify that network interfaces were added to SRV1 in the right order, resulting in an interface alias of "Ethernet" for the private interface, and an interface alias of "Ethernet 2" for the public interface. Also verify that the external interface has a valid external DHCP IP address lease.
To view a list of interfaces, associated interface aliases, and IP addresses on SRV1, type the following Windows PowerShell command. Example output of the command is also shown below:
```powershell
Get-NetAdapter | ? status -eq ‘up’ | Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft IPAddress, InterfaceAlias
Get-NetAdapter | ? status -eq 'up' | Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft IPAddress, InterfaceAlias
IPAddress InterfaceAlias
--------- --------------
@ -905,11 +891,10 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
192.168.0.2 Ethernet
```
In this example, the poc-internal network interface at 192.168.0.2 is associated with the "Ethernet" interface and the Internet-facing poc-external interface is associated with the "Ethernet 2" interface. If your interfaces are different, you must adjust the commands provided in the next step appropriately to configure routing services. Also note that if the "Ethernet 2" interface has an IP address in the 192.168.0.100-105 range then it likely is getting a DHCP lease from DC1 instead of your corporate network. If this is the case, you can try removing and re-adding the second network interface from the SRV1 VM through its Hyper-V settings.
>[!TIP]
>Sometimes a computer will have hidden, disconnected interfaces that prevent you from naming a network adapter. When you attempt to rename an adapter, you will receive an error that the adapter name already exists. These disconnected devices can be viewed in device manager by clicking **View** and then clicking **Show hidden devices**. The disconnected device can then be uninstalled, enabling you to reuse the adapter name.
In this example, the poc-internal network interface at 192.168.0.2 is associated with the "Ethernet" interface and the internet-facing poc-external interface is associated with the "Ethernet 2" interface. If your interfaces are different, you must adjust the commands provided in the next step appropriately to configure routing services. Also note that if the "Ethernet 2" interface has an IP address in the 192.168.0.100-105 range then it likely is getting a DHCP lease from DC1 instead of your network. If so, you can try removing and readding the second network interface from the SRV1 VM through its Hyper-V settings.
> [!TIP]
> Sometimes a computer will have hidden, disconnected interfaces that prevent you from naming a network adapter. When you attempt to rename an adapter, you will receive an error that the adapter name already exists. These disconnected devices can be viewed in device manager by clicking **View** and then clicking **Show hidden devices**. The disconnected device can then be uninstalled, enabling you to reuse the adapter name.
31. To configure SRV1 with routing capability for the PoC network, type or paste the following commands at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on SRV1:
@ -921,19 +906,19 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
cmd /c netsh routing ip nat add interface name="Internal" mode=PRIVATE
```
32. The DNS service on SRV1 also needs to resolve hosts in the `contoso.com` domain. This can be accomplished with a conditional forwarder. Open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on SRV1 and type the following command:
32. The DNS service on SRV1 also needs to resolve hosts in the `contoso.com` domain. This step can be accomplished with a conditional forwarder. Open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on SRV1 and type the following command:
```powershell
Add-DnsServerConditionalForwarderZone -Name contoso.com -MasterServers 192.168.0.1
```
33. In most cases, this completes configuration of the PoC network. However, if your corporate network has a firewall that filters queries from local DNS servers, you will also need to configure a server-level DNS forwarder on SRV1 to resolve Internet names. To test whether or not DNS is working without this forwarder, try to reach a name on the Internet from DC1 or PC1, which are only using DNS services on the PoC network. You can test DNS with the ping command, for example:
33. In most cases, this process completes configuration of the PoC network. However, if your network has a firewall that filters queries from local DNS servers, you'll also need to configure a server-level DNS forwarder on SRV1 to resolve internet names. To test whether or not DNS is working without this forwarder, try to reach a name on the internet from DC1 or PC1, which are only using DNS services on the PoC network. You can test DNS with the ping command, for example:
```powershell
ping www.microsoft.com
```
If you see "Ping request could not find host `www.microsoft.com`" on PC1 and DC1, but not on SRV1, then you will need to configure a server-level DNS forwarder on SRV1. To do this, open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on SRV1 and type the following command.
If you see "Ping request could not find host `www.microsoft.com`" on PC1 and DC1, but not on SRV1, then you'll need to configure a server-level DNS forwarder on SRV1. To do this action, open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on SRV1 and type the following command.
> [!NOTE]
> This command also assumes that "Ethernet 2" is the external-facing network adapter on SRV1. If the external adapter has a different name, replace "Ethernet 2" in the command below with that name:
@ -942,7 +927,7 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
Add-DnsServerForwarder -IPAddress (Get-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias "Ethernet 2").ServerAddresses
```
34. If DNS and routing are both working correctly, you will see the following on DC1 and PC1 (the IP address might be different, but that is OK):
34. If DNS and routing are both working correctly, you'll see the following output on DC1 and PC1 (the IP address might be different, but that's OK):
```powershell
PS C:\> ping www.microsoft.com
@ -959,15 +944,15 @@ The second Windows Server 2012 R2 VHD needs to be expanded in size from 40GB to
Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 3ms, Average = 2ms
```
35. Verify that all three VMs can reach each other, and the Internet. See [Appendix A: Verify the configuration](#appendix-a-verify-the-configuration) for more information.
36. Lastly, because the client computer has different hardware after copying it to a VM, its Windows activation will be invalidated and you might receive a message that you must activate Windows in 3 days. To extend this period to 30 days, type the following commands at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on PC1:
35. Verify that all three VMs can reach each other, and the internet. See [Appendix A: Verify the configuration](#appendix-a-verify-the-configuration) for more information.
36. Lastly, because the client computer has different hardware after copying it to a VM, its Windows activation will be invalidated and you might receive a message that you must activate Windows in three days. To extend this period to 30 days, type the following commands at an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on PC1:
```powershell
runas /noprofile /env /user:administrator@contoso.com "cmd /c slmgr -rearm"
Restart-Computer
```
This completes configuration of the starting PoC environment. Additional services and tools are installed in subsequent guides.
This process completes configuration of the starting PoC environment. More services and tools are installed in subsequent guides.
## Appendix A: Verify the configuration
@ -990,7 +975,7 @@ Use the following procedures to verify that the PoC environment is configured pr
**DCDiag** displays "passed test" for all tests.
**Get-DnsServerResourceRecord** displays the correct DNS address records for DC1, SRV1, and the computername of PC1. Additional address records for the zone apex (@), DomainDnsZones, and ForestDnsZones will also be registered.
**Get-DnsServerResourceRecord** displays the correct DNS address records for DC1, SRV1, and the computername of PC1. Other address records for the zone apex (@), DomainDnsZones, and ForestDnsZones will also be registered.
**Get-DnsServerForwarder** displays a single forwarder of 192.168.0.2.
@ -998,7 +983,7 @@ Use the following procedures to verify that the PoC environment is configured pr
**Get-DhcpServerInDC** displays 192.168.0.1, `dc1.contoso.com`.
**Get-DhcpServerv4Statistics** displays 1 scope with 2 addresses in use (these belong to PC1 and the Hyper-V host).
**Get-DhcpServerv4Statistics** displays one scope with two addresses in use. These addresses belong to PC1 and the Hyper-V host.
**ipconfig** displays a primary DNS suffix and suffix search list of `contoso.com`, IP address of 192.168.0.1, subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, default gateway of 192.168.0.2, and DNS server addresses of 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2.
@ -1014,13 +999,13 @@ Use the following procedures to verify that the PoC environment is configured pr
**Get-Service** displays a status of "Running" for both services.
**Get-DnsServerForwarder** either displays no forwarders, or displays a list of forwarders you are required to use so that SRV1 can resolve Internet names.
**Get-DnsServerForwarder** either displays no forwarders, or displays a list of forwarders you're required to use so that SRV1 can resolve internet names.
**Resolve-DnsName** displays public IP address results for `www.microsoft.com`.
**ipconfig** displays a primary DNS suffix of `contoso.com`. The suffix search list contains `contoso.com` and your corporate domain. Two ethernet adapters are shown: Ethernet adapter "Ethernet" has an IP addresses of 192.168.0.2, subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, no default gateway, and DNS server addresses of 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2. Ethernet adapter "Ethernet 2" has an IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway configured by DHCP on your corporate network.
**ipconfig** displays a primary DNS suffix of `contoso.com`. The suffix search list contains `contoso.com` and your domain. Two ethernet adapters are shown: Ethernet adapter "Ethernet" has an IP address of 192.168.0.2, subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, no default gateway, and DNS server addresses of 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.2. Ethernet adapter "Ethernet 2" has an IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway configured by DHCP on your network.
**netsh** displays three interfaces on the computer: interface "Ethernet 2" with DHCP enabled = Yes and IP address assigned by your corporate network, interface "Ethernet" with DHCP enabled = No and IP address of 192.168.0.2, and interface "Loopback Pseudo-Interface 1" with IP address of 127.0.0.1.
**netsh** displays three interfaces on the computer: interface "Ethernet 2" with DHCP enabled = Yes and IP address assigned by your network, interface "Ethernet" with DHCP enabled = No and IP address of 192.168.0.2, and interface "Loopback Pseudo-Interface 1" with IP address of 127.0.0.1.
3. On PC1, open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt and type the following commands:
@ -1038,11 +1023,10 @@ Use the following procedures to verify that the PoC environment is configured pr
**nslookup** displays the DNS server used for the query, and the results of the query. For example, server `dc1.contoso.com`, address 192.168.0.1, Name `e2847.dspb.akamaiedge.net`.
**ping** displays if the source can resolve the target name, and whether or not the target responds to ICMP. If it cannot be resolved, "..could not find host" will be displayed and if the target is found and also responds to ICMP, you will see "Reply from" and the IP address of the target.
**ping** displays if the source can resolve the target name, and whether or not the target responds to ICMP. If it can't be resolved, "could not find host" will be displayed. If the target is found and also responds to ICMP, you'll see "Reply from" and the IP address of the target.
**tracert** displays the path to reach the destination, for example `srv1.contoso.com` [192.168.0.2] followed by a list of hosts and IP addresses corresponding to subsequent routing nodes between the source and the destination.
## Appendix B: Terminology used in this guide
|Term|Definition|
@ -1058,9 +1042,6 @@ Use the following procedures to verify that the PoC environment is configured pr
|Virtual switch|A virtual network connection used to connect VMs to each other and to physical network adapters on the Hyper-V host.|
|VM snapshot|A point in time image of a VM that includes its disk, memory and device state. It can be used to return a virtual machine to a former state corresponding to the time the snapshot was taken.|
## Related Topics
## Next steps
[Windows 10 deployment scenarios](windows-10-deployment-scenarios.md)

125
windows/deployment/windows-autopilot/demonstrate-deployment-on-vm.md
View File

@ -1,63 +1,60 @@
---
title: Demonstrate Autopilot deployment
manager: dougeby
description: In this article, find step-by-step instructions on how to set up a Virtual Machine with a Windows Autopilot deployment.
keywords: mdm, setup, windows, windows 10, oobe, manage, deploy, autopilot, ztd, zero-touch, partner, msfb, intune, upgrade
description: Step-by-step instructions on how to set up a virtual machine with a Windows Autopilot deployment.
ms.prod: w10
ms.mktglfcycl: deploy
ms.technology: windows
ms.localizationpriority: medium
ms.sitesec: library
ms.pagetype: deploy
author: aczechowski
ms.author: aaroncz
ms.collection:
- M365-modern-desktop
- highpri
ms.topic: article
ms.custom:
- autopilot
- seo-marvel-apr2020
ms.topic: tutorial
ms.date: 05/12/2022
---
# Demonstrate Autopilot deployment
**Applies to**
*Applies to*
- Windows 10
To get started with Windows Autopilot, you should try it out with a virtual machine (VM) or you can use a physical device that will be wiped and then have a fresh install of Windows 10.
To get started with Windows Autopilot, you should try it out with a virtual machine (VM). You can also use a physical device that will be wiped and then have a fresh install of Windows 10.
In this topic, you'll learn how to set up a Windows Autopilot deployment for a VM using Hyper-V.
In this article, you'll learn how to set up a Windows Autopilot deployment for a VM using Hyper-V.
> [!NOTE]
> Although there are [multiple platforms](/mem/autopilot/add-devices#registering-devices) available to enable Autopilot, this lab primarily uses Intune.
> Although there are [multiple platforms](/mem/autopilot/add-devices#registering-devices) available to enable Autopilot, this lab primarily uses Microsoft Intune.
>
> Hyper-V and a VM are not required for this lab. You can use a physical device instead. However, the instructions assume that you're using a VM. To use a physical device, skip the instructions to install Hyper-V and create a VM. All references to 'device' in the guide refer to the client device, either physical or virtual.
> Hyper-V and a VM aren't required for this lab. You can use a physical device instead. However, the instructions assume that you're using a VM. To use a physical device, skip the instructions to install Hyper-V and create a VM. All references to _device_ in the guide refer to the client device, either physical or virtual.
The following video provides an overview of the process:
</br>
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/KYVptkpsOqs" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe>
> [!VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/embed/KYVptkpsOqs]
> [!TIP]
> For a list of terms used in this guide, see the [Glossary](#glossary) section.
## Prerequisites
These are the things you'll need to complete this lab:
You'll need the following components to complete this lab:
| | Description |
| Component | Description |
|:---|:---|
|**Windows 10 installation media**|Windows 10 Professional or Enterprise (ISO file) for a supported version of Windows 10, General Availability Channel. If you don't already have an ISO to use, a link is provided to download an <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise" data-raw-source="[evaluation version of Windows 10 Enterprise](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise)">evaluation version of Windows 10 Enterprise</a>.|
|**Internet access**|If you're behind a firewall, see the detailed <a href="/mem/autopilot/software-requirements#networking-requirements" data-raw-source="[networking requirements](/mem/autopilot/software-requirements#networking-requirements)">networking requirements</a>. Otherwise, just ensure that you have a connection to the internet.|
|**Windows 10 installation media**|Windows 10 Professional or Enterprise ISO file for a supported version of Windows 10, general availability channel. If you don't already have an ISO to use, download an evaluation version of Windows 10 Enterprise.|
|**Internet access**|If you're behind a firewall, see the detailed [networking requirements](/mem/autopilot/software-requirements#networking-requirements). Otherwise, just make sure that you have a connection to the internet.|
|**Hyper-V or a physical device running Windows 10**|The guide assumes that you'll use a Hyper-V VM, and provides instructions to install and configure Hyper-V if needed. To use a physical device, skip the steps to install and configure Hyper-V.|
|**An account with Azure Active Directory (AD) Premium license**|This guide will describe how to obtain a free 30-day trial Azure AD Premium subscription that can be used to complete the lab.|
|**An account with Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) Premium license**|This guide will describe how to get a free 30-day trial Azure AD Premium subscription that can be used to complete the lab.|
> [!NOTE]
> The Microsoft Evaluation Center is temporarily unavailable. To access Windows client evaluation media, see [Accessing trials and kits for Windows (Eval Center workaround)](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-11/accessing-trials-and-kits-for-windows-eval-center-workaround/m-p/3361125).<!-- 6049663 -->
## Procedures
A summary of the sections and procedures in the lab is provided below. Follow each section in the order it's presented, skipping the sections that don't apply to you. Optional procedures are provided in the appendices.
If you already have Hyper-V and a Windows 10 VM, you can skip directly to the [Capture the hardware ID](#capture-the-hardware-id) step. The VM must be running Windows 10, version 1903 or a later version.
If you already have Hyper-V and a Windows 10 VM, you can skip directly to the [Capture the hardware ID](#capture-the-hardware-id) step. The VM must be running Windows 10, version 1903 or later.
- [Verify support for Hyper-V](#verify-support-for-hyper-v)
- [Enable Hyper-V](#enable-hyper-v)
@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ To enable Hyper-V, open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt and run the follow
Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V -All
```
This command works on all operating systems that support Hyper-V. However, on Windows Server operating systems you must type an additional command (below) to add the Hyper-V Windows PowerShell module and the Hyper-V Manager console. The following command will also install Hyper-V if it isn't already installed. So, if you're using Windows Server, you can just type the following command instead of using the **Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature** command:
This command works on all operating systems that support Hyper-V. However, on Windows Server operating systems you must type another command to add the Hyper-V Windows PowerShell module and the Hyper-V Manager console. The following command will also install Hyper-V if it isn't already installed. So, if you're using Windows Server, you can just type the following command instead of using the **Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature** command:
```powershell
Install-WindowsFeature -Name Hyper-V -IncludeManagementTools
@ -139,17 +136,18 @@ To use Windows PowerShell, you need to know two things:
2. The name of the network interface that connects to the internet.
In the example, you'll use a Windows PowerShell command to determine this automatically.
In the example, you'll use a Windows PowerShell command to determine this information automatically.
After you determine the ISO file location and the name of the appropriate network interface, you can install Windows 10.
### Set ISO file location
You can download an ISO file for an evaluation version of the latest release of Windows 10 Enterprise from [Evaluation Center](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise).
Download an ISO file for an evaluation version of the latest release of Windows 10 Enterprise. Choose a 64-bit version.
When asked to select a platform, choose **64 bit**.
> [!NOTE]
> The Microsoft Evaluation Center is temporarily unavailable. To access this download, see [Accessing trials and kits for Windows (Eval Center workaround)](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-11/accessing-trials-and-kits-for-windows-eval-center-workaround/m-p/3361125).<!-- 6049663 -->
After you download this file, the name will be extremely long (ex: 19042.508.200927-1902.20h2_release_svc_refresh_CLIENTENTERPRISEEVAL_OEMRET_x64FRE_en-us.iso).
After you download an ISO file, the name will be long. For example, `19042.508.200927-1902.20h2_release_svc_refresh_CLIENTENTERPRISEEVAL_OEMRET_x64FRE_en-us.iso`
1. So that it's easier to type and remember, rename the file to **win10-eval.iso**.
@ -165,9 +163,9 @@ The **Get-NetAdaper** cmdlet is used to automatically find the network adapter t
(Get-NetAdapter | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq "Up" -and !$_.Virtual}).Name
```
The output of this command should be the name of the network interface you use to connect to the internet. Verify that this is the correct interface name. If it isn't the correct interface name, you'll need to edit the first command below to use your network interface name.
The output of this command should be the name of the network interface you use to connect to the internet. Verify that this interface name is correct. If it isn't the correct interface name, you'll need to edit the first command below to use your network interface name.
For example, if the command above displays **Ethernet** but you wish to use **Ethernet2**, then the first command below would be **New-VMSwitch -Name AutopilotExternal -AllowManagementOS $true -NetAdapterName **Ethernet2**.
For example, if the command above displays **Ethernet** but you wish to use **Ethernet2**, then the first command below would be `New-VMSwitch -Name AutopilotExternal -AllowManagementOS $true -NetAdapterName **Ethernet2`
### Use Windows PowerShell to create the demo VM
@ -176,7 +174,7 @@ All VM data will be created under the current path in your PowerShell prompt. Co
> [!IMPORTANT]
> **VM switch**: a VM switch is how Hyper-V connects VMs to a network.
>
>- If you previously enabled Hyper-V and your internet-connected network interface is already bound to a VM switch, then the PowerShell commands below will fail. In this case, you can either delete the existing VM switch (so that the commands below can create one), or you can reuse this VM switch by skipping the first command below and either modifying the second command to replace the switch name **AutopilotExternal** with the name of your switch, or by renaming your existing switch to "AutopilotExternal."
>- If you previously enabled Hyper-V and your internet-connected network interface is already bound to a VM switch, then the PowerShell commands below will fail. In this case, you can either delete the existing VM switch (so that the commands below can create one), or you can reuse this VM switch by skipping the first command below and either modifying the second command to replace the switch name **AutopilotExternal** with the name of your switch, or by renaming your existing switch to `AutopilotExternal`.
>- If you have never created an external VM switch before, then just run the commands below.
>- If you're not sure if you already have an External VM switch, enter **get-vmswitch** at a Windows PowerShell prompt to display a current list of the VM switches that are provisioned in Hyper-V. If one of them is of SwitchType **External**, then you already have a VM switch configured on the server that's used to connect to the internet. In this case, you need to skip the first command below and modify the others to use the name of your VM switch instead of the name "AutopilotExternal" (or change the name of your switch).
@ -187,9 +185,9 @@ Add-VMDvdDrive -Path c:\iso\win10-eval.iso -VMName WindowsAutopilot
Start-VM -VMName WindowsAutopilot
```
After you enter these commands, connect to the VM that you just created. Double-click the VM in Hyper-V Manager to connect to it. Then wait for a prompt to press a key and boot from the DVD.
After you enter these commands, connect to this VM. Double-click the VM in Hyper-V Manager to connect to it. Then wait for a prompt to press a key and boot from the DVD.
See the sample output below. In this sample, the VM is created under the **c:\autopilot** directory and the **vmconnect.exe** command is used (which is only available on Windows Server). If you installed Hyper-V on Windows 10, use Hyper-V Manager to connect to your VM.
See the sample output below. In this sample, the VM is created under the **c:\autopilot** directory and the **vmconnect.exe** command is used, which is only available on Windows Server. If you installed Hyper-V on Windows 10, use Hyper-V Manager to connect to your VM.
<pre>
PS C:\autopilot&gt; dir c:\iso
@ -250,7 +248,7 @@ Make sure that the VM booted from the installation ISO, select **Next**, select
![Windows setup example 6](images/winsetup6.png)
After the VM restarts, during OOBE, it's fine to select **Set up for personal use** or **Domain join instead** and then choose an offline account on the **Sign in** screen. This offers the fastest way to the desktop. For example:
After the VM restarts, during OOBE, it's fine to select **Set up for personal use** or **Domain join instead** and then choose an offline account on the **Sign in** screen. This option offers the fastest way to the desktop. For example:
![Windows setup example 7.](images/winsetup7.png)
@ -259,7 +257,7 @@ Once the installation is complete, sign in and verify that you're at the Windows
> [!div class="mx-imgBorder"]
> ![Windows setup example 8.](images/winsetup8.png)
To create a checkpoint, open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on the computer running Hyper-V (not on the VM), and then run the following:
To create a checkpoint, open an elevated Windows PowerShell prompt on the computer running Hyper-V (not on the VM), and then run the following command:
```powershell
Checkpoint-VM -Name WindowsAutopilot -SnapshotName "Finished Windows install"
@ -335,19 +333,20 @@ Follow these steps to run the PowerShell script:
![Serial number and hardware hash.](images/hwid.png)
You'll need to upload this data into Intune to register your device for Autopilot. So, the next step is to transfer this file to the computer you'll use to access the Azure portal. If you're using a physical device instead of a VM, you can copy the file to a USB drive. If you’re using a VM, you can right-click the **AutopilotHWID.csv** file and copy it. Then right-click and paste the file to your desktop (outside the VM).
You'll need to upload this data into Intune to register your device for Autopilot. So, the next step is to transfer this file to the computer you'll use to access the Azure portal. If you're using a physical device instead of a VM, you can copy the file to a USB drive. If you're using a VM, you can right-click the **AutopilotHWID.csv** file and copy it. Then right-click and paste the file to your desktop (outside the VM).
If you have trouble copying and pasting the file, just view the contents in Notepad on the VM, and then copy the text into Notepad outside the VM. Don't use another text editor to do this.
If you have trouble copying and pasting the file, just view the contents in Notepad on the VM, and then copy the text into Notepad outside the VM. Don't use another text editor.
> [!NOTE]
> When copying and pasting to or from VMs, avoid selecting other things with your mouse cursor in between the copy and paste process. Doing so can empty or overwrite the clipboard and require that you start over. Go directly from copy to paste.
## Reset the VM back to Out-Of-Box-Experience (OOBE)
With the hardware ID captured in a file, prepare your Virtual Machine for Windows Autopilot deployment by resetting it back to OOBE.
With the hardware ID captured in a file, prepare your VM for Windows Autopilot deployment by resetting it back to OOBE.
On the Virtual Machine, go to **Settings > Update & Security > Recovery** and select **Get started** under **Reset this PC**.
Select **Remove everything**, then, on **How would you like to reinstall Windows**, select **Local reinstall**. Finally, select **Reset**.
1. On the Virtual Machine, go to **Settings > Update & Security > Recovery** and select **Get started** under **Reset this PC**.
1. Select **Remove everything**. On **How would you like to reinstall Windows**, select **Local reinstall**.
1. Finally, select **Reset**.
![Reset this PC final prompt.](images/autopilot-reset-prompt.jpg)
@ -357,13 +356,13 @@ Resetting the VM or device can take a while. Proceed to the next step (verify su
## Verify subscription level
For this lab, you need an Azure AD Premium subscription. To tell if you have a Premium subscription, go to the [MDM enrollment configuration](https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_AAD_IAM/ActiveDirectoryMenuBlade/Mobility) blade. See the following example:
For this lab, you need an Azure AD Premium subscription. To tell if you have a Premium subscription, go to [MDM enrollment configuration](https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_AAD_IAM/ActiveDirectoryMenuBlade/Mobility) in the Azure portal. See the following example:
**Azure Active Directory** > **Mobility (MDM and MAM)** > **Microsoft Intune**
![MDM and Intune.](images/mdm-intune2.png)
If the configuration blade shown above doesn't appear, it's likely that you don't have a **Premium** subscription. Auto-enrollment is a feature only available in Azure AD Premium.
If this configuration doesn't appear, it's likely that you don't have a **Premium** subscription. Auto-enrollment is a feature only available in Azure AD Premium.
To convert your Intune trial account to a free Premium trial account, go to **Azure Active Directory** > **Licenses** > **All products** > **Try / Buy** and select **Free trial** for Azure AD Premium, or EMS E5.
@ -414,7 +413,7 @@ Your VM (or device) can be registered either via Intune or Microsoft Store for B
You should receive confirmation that the file is formatted correctly before you upload it, as shown above.
3. Select **Import** and wait until the import process completes. This can take up to 15 minutes.
3. Select **Import** and wait until the import process completes. This action can take up to 15 minutes.
4. Select **Refresh** to verify your VM or device is added. See the following example.
@ -465,7 +464,7 @@ The Autopilot deployment profile wizard asks for a device group, so you must cre
1. In the [Microsoft Endpoint Manager admin center](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2109431), choose **Groups** > **New group**.
2. In the **Group** blade:
2. In the **Group** pane:
1. For **Group type**, choose **Security**.
2. Type a **Group name** and **Group description** (ex: Autopilot Lab).
3. Azure AD roles can be assigned to the group: **No**
@ -490,7 +489,7 @@ Select **Create profile** and then select **Windows PC**.
> [!div class="mx-imgBorder"]
> ![Create deployment profile.](images/create-profile.png)
On the **Create profile** blade, use the following values:
On the **Create profile** pane, use the following values:
| Setting | Value |
|---|---|
@ -580,7 +579,7 @@ To confirm the profile was successfully assigned to the intended device, check t
## See Windows Autopilot in action
If you shut down your VM after the last reset, it's time to start it back up again so it can progress through the Autopilot OOBE experience. However, don't attempt to start your device again until the **PROFILE STATUS** for your device in Intune is changed from **Not assigned** to **Assigning**, and finally to **Assigned**:
If you shut down your VM after the last reset, start it again. Then it can progress through the Autopilot OOBE experience. However, don't attempt to start your device again until the **PROFILE STATUS** for your device in Intune is changed from **Not assigned** to **Assigning**, and finally to **Assigned**:
> [!div class="mx-imgBorder"]
> ![Device status.](images/device-status.png)
@ -596,7 +595,7 @@ Also, make sure to wait at least 30 minutes from the time you've [configured com
![OOBE sign-in page.](images/autopilot-oobe.png)
Soon after reaching the desktop, the device should show up in Intune as an **enabled** Autopilot device. Go into the Intune Azure portal, and select **Devices > All devices**. Then, **Refresh** the data to verify that your device has changed from disabled to enabled, and the name of the device is updated.
After the device loads the desktop, the device should show up in Intune as an **enabled** Autopilot device. Go to the Intune portal, and select **Devices > All devices**. Then **Refresh** the data to verify that your device has changed to an enabled state, and the name of the device is updated.
> [!div class="mx-imgBorder"]
> ![Device enabled.](images/devices1.png)
@ -619,9 +618,9 @@ You need to delete (or retire, or factory reset) the device from Intune before d
> [!div class="mx-imgBorder"]
> ![Delete device step 1.](images/delete-device1.png)
This action removes the device from Intune management, and it will disappear from **Intune > Devices > All devices**. But this doesn't yet deregister the device from Autopilot. So, the device should still appear under **Intune > Device Enrollment > Windows Enrollment > Windows Autopilot Deployment Program > Devices**.
This action removes the device from Intune management, and it will disappear from **Intune > Devices > All devices**. But this action doesn't yet deregister the device from Autopilot. So, the device should still appear under **Intune > Device Enrollment > Windows Enrollment > Windows Autopilot Deployment Program > Devices**.
The **Intune > Devices > All Devices** list and the **Intune > Device Enrollment > Windows Enrollment > Windows Autopilot Deployment Program > Devices** list mean different things and are two completely separate datastores. The former (All devices) is the list of devices currently enrolled into Intune.
The **Intune > Devices > All Devices** list and the **Intune > Device Enrollment > Windows Enrollment > Windows Autopilot Deployment Program > Devices** list mean different things and are two separate datastores. The former (All devices) is the list of devices currently enrolled into Intune.
> [!NOTE]
> A device only appears in the **All devices** list once it has booted. The latter (**Windows Autopilot Deployment Program** > **Devices**) is the list of devices currently registered from that Intune account into the Autopilot program - which may or may not be enrolled to Intune.
@ -684,7 +683,7 @@ EPT * Supports Intel extended page tables (SLAT)
#### Prepare the app for Intune
Before you can pull an application into Intune to make it part of your AP profile, you need to "package" the application for delivery using the [IntuneWinAppUtil.exe command-line tool](https://github.com/Microsoft/Microsoft-Win32-Content-Prep-Tool). After downloading the tool, gather the following three bits of information to use the tool:
Before you can pull an application into Intune to make it part of your AP profile, you need to "package" the application for delivery using the [IntuneWinAppUtil.exe command-line tool](https://github.com/Microsoft/Microsoft-Win32-Content-Prep-Tool). After downloading the tool, gather the following information to use the tool:
1. The source folder for your application
2. The name of the setup executable file
@ -699,11 +698,11 @@ Run the IntuneWinAppUtil tool, supplying answers to the three questions, for exa
> [!div class="mx-imgBorder"]
> ![Add app example.](images/app01.png)
After the tool finishes running, you should have an .intunewin file in the Output folder. You can upload the file into Intune by using the following steps.
After the tool finishes running, you should have an `.intunewin` file in the Output folder. You can upload the file into Intune by using the following steps.
#### Create app in Intune
Log in to the Azure portal, and then select **Intune**.
Sign in to the Azure portal, and then select **Intune**.
Go to **Intune > Clients apps > Apps**, and then select the **Add** button to create a new app package.
@ -713,16 +712,16 @@ Under **App Type**, select **Windows app (Win32)**:
![Add app step 2.](images/app03.png)
On the **App package file** blade, browse to the **npp.7.6.3.installer.x64.intunewin** file in your output folder, open it, then select **OK**:
On the **App package file** pane, browse to the `npp.7.6.3.installer.x64.intunewin` file in your output folder, open it, then select **OK**:
> [!div class="mx-imgBorder"]
> ![Add app step 3.](images/app04.png)
On the **App Information Configure** blade, provide a friendly name, description, and publisher, such as:
On the **App Information Configure** pane, provide a friendly name, description, and publisher, such as:
![Add app step 4.](images/app05.png)
On the **Program Configuration** blade, supply the install and uninstall commands:
On the **Program Configuration** pane, supply the install and uninstall commands:
```console
Install: msiexec /i "npp.7.6.3.installer.x64.msi" /q
@ -734,11 +733,11 @@ Uninstall: msiexec /x "{F188A506-C3C6-4411-BE3A-DA5BF1EA6737}" /q
![Add app step 5.](images/app06.png)
Simply using an install command like "notepad++.exe /S" doesn't actually install Notepad++; it only launches the app. To install the program, you need to use the .msi file instead. Notepad++ doesn't have a .msi version of their program, but there's a .msi version from a [third party provider](https://www.hass.de/content/notepad-msi-package-enterprise-deployment-available).
Simply using an install command like `notepad++.exe /S` doesn't actually install Notepad++. It only launches the app. To install the program, you need to use the `.msi` file instead. Notepad++ doesn't have an MSI version of their program, but there's an MSI version from a [third party provider](https://www.hass.de/content/notepad-msi-package-enterprise-deployment-available).
Select **OK** to save your input and activate the **Requirements** blade.
Select **OK** to save your input and activate the **Requirements** pane.
On the **Requirements Configuration** blade, specify the **OS architecture** and the **Minimum OS version**:
On the **Requirements Configuration** pane, specify the **OS architecture** and the **Minimum OS version**:
> [!div class="mx-imgBorder"]
> ![Add app step 6.](images/app07.png)
@ -752,7 +751,7 @@ Select **Add** to define the rule properties. For **Rule type**, select **MSI**,
![Add app step 8.](images/app09.png)
Select **OK** twice to save, as you back out to the main **Add app** blade again for the final configuration.
Select **OK** twice to save, as you back out to the main **Add app** pane again for the final configuration.
**Return codes**: For the purposes of this lab, leave the return codes at their default values:
@ -761,7 +760,7 @@ Select **OK** twice to save, as you back out to the main **Add app** blade again
Select **OK** to exit.
You can skip configuring the final **Scope (Tags)** blade.
You can skip configuring the final **Scope (Tags)** pane.
Select the **Add** button to finalize and save your app package.
@ -780,7 +779,7 @@ Find your app in your app list:
> [!NOTE]
> The following steps only work if you previously [created a GROUP in Intune and assigned a profile to it](#create-a-device-group). If you haven't done that, return to the main part of the lab and complete those steps before returning here.
In the **Intune > Client Apps > Apps** pane, select the app package you already created to reveal its properties blade. Then select **Assignments** from the menu:
In the **Intune > Client Apps > Apps** pane, select the app package you already created to reveal its properties pane. Then select **Assignments** from the menu:
> [!div class="mx-imgBorder"]
> ![Assign app step 1.](images/app13.png)
@ -818,7 +817,7 @@ For more information on adding apps to Intune, see [Intune Standalone - Win32 ap
#### Create app in Microsoft Endpoint Manager
Log in to the Azure portal and select **Intune**.
Sign in to the Azure portal and select **Intune**.
Go to **Intune > Clients apps > Apps**, and then select the **Add** button to create a new app package.
@ -855,7 +854,7 @@ Select **OK** and, then select **Add**.
> [!NOTE]
> The following steps only work if you previously [created a GROUP in Intune and assigned a profile to it](#create-a-device-group). If you haven't done that, return to the main part of the lab and complete those steps before returning here.
In the **Intune > Client Apps > Apps** pane, select the Office package you already created to reveal its properties blade. Then select **Assignments** from the menu:
In the **Intune > Client Apps > Apps** pane, select the Office package you already created to reveal its properties pane. Then select **Assignments** from the menu:
> [!div class="mx-imgBorder"]
> ![Create app step 6.](images/app22.png)

97
windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process.md
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
---
title: Secure the Windows boot process
description: This article describes how Windows security features helps protect your PC from malware, including rootkits and other applications
description: This article describes how Windows security features help protect your PC from malware, including rootkits and other applications.
keywords: trusted boot, windows boot process
ms.prod: m365-security
ms.mktglfcycl: Explore
@ -14,124 +14,123 @@ ms.collection:
- M365-security-compliance
- highpri
ms.topic: conceptual
ms.date: 11/24/2021
ms.date: 05/12/2022
ms.author: dansimp
---
# Secure the Windows boot process
**Applies to:**
*Applies to:*
- Windows 11
- Windows 10
- Windows 8.1
The Windows OS has many features to help protect you from malware, and it does an amazingly good job. Except for apps that businesses develop and use internally, all Microsoft Store apps must meet a series of requirements to be certified and included in the Microsoft Store. This certification process examines several criteria, including security, and is an effective means of preventing malware from entering the Microsoft Store. Even if a malicious app does get through, the Windows 10 OS includes a series of security features that can mitigate the effect. For instance, Microsoft Store apps are sandboxed and lack the privileges necessary to access user data or change system settings.
The Windows operating system has many features to help protect you from malware, and it does an amazingly good job. Except for apps that businesses develop and use internally, all Microsoft Store apps must meet a series of requirements to be certified and included in the Microsoft Store. This certification process examines several criteria, including security, and is an effective means of preventing malware from entering the Microsoft Store. Even if a malicious app does get through, the Windows 10 operating system includes a series of security features that can mitigate the impact. For instance, Microsoft Store apps are sandboxed and lack the privileges necessary to access user data or change system settings.
Windows has multiple levels of protection for desktop apps and data, too. Windows Defender Antivirus uses cloud-powered real-time detection to identify and quarantine apps that are known to be malicious. Windows Defender SmartScreen warns users before allowing them to run an untrustworthy app, even if it's recognized as malware. Before an app can change system settings, the user would have to grant the app administrative privileges by using User Account Control.
Windows has multiple levels of protection for desktop apps and data, too. Windows Defender Antivirus uses cloud-powered real-time detection to identify and quarantine apps that are known to be malicious. Windows Defender SmartScreen warns users before allowing them to run an untrustworthy app, even if it’s recognized as malware. Before an app can change system settings, the user would have to grant the app administrative privileges by using User Account Control.
Those components are just some of the ways that Windows protects you from malware. However, those security features protect you only after Windows starts. Modern malware, and bootkits specifically, are capable of starting before Windows, completely bypassing OS security, and remaining hidden.
Those are just some of the ways that Windows protects you from malware. However, those security features protect you only after Windows starts. Modern malware—and bootkits specifically—are capable of starting before Windows, completely bypassing operating system security, and remaining completely hidden.
When you run Windows 10 or Windows 11 on a PC or any PC that supports Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), Trusted Boot protects your PC from malware from the moment you power on your PC until your anti-malware starts. In the unlikely event that malware does infect a PC, it can’t remain hidden; Trusted Boot can prove the system’s integrity to your infrastructure in a way that malware can’t disguise. Even on PCs without UEFI, Windows provides even better startup security than previous versions of Windows.
First, let’s examine what rootkits are and how they work. Then, we’ll show you how Windows can protect you.
When you run Windows 10 or Windows 11 on a PC or any PC that supports Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), Trusted Boot protects your PC from malware from the moment you power on your PC until your anti-malware starts. In the unlikely event that malware does infect a PC, it can't remain hidden; Trusted Boot can prove the system's integrity to your infrastructure in a way that malware can't disguise. Even on PCs without UEFI, Windows provides even better startup security than previous versions of Windows.
First, let's examine what rootkits are and how they work. Then, we'll show you how Windows can protect you.
## The threat: rootkits
*Rootkits* are a sophisticated and dangerous type of malware that run in kernel mode, using the same privileges as the operating system. Because rootkits have the same rights as the operating system and start before it, they can completely hide themselves and other applications. Often, rootkits are part of an entire suite of malware that can bypass local logins, record passwords and keystrokes, transfer private files, and capture cryptographic data.
*Rootkits* are a sophisticated and dangerous type of malware. They run in kernel mode, using the same privileges as the OS. Because rootkits have the same rights as the OS and start before it, they can completely hide themselves and other applications. Often, rootkits are part of an entire suite of malware that can bypass local logins, record passwords and keystrokes, transfer private files, and capture cryptographic data.
Different types of rootkits load during different phases of the startup process:
- **Firmware rootkits.** These kits overwrite the firmware of the PC’s basic input/output system or other hardware so the rootkit can start before Windows.
- **Bootkits.** These kits replace the operating system’s bootloader (the small piece of software that starts the operating system) so that the PC loads the bootkit before the operating system.
- **Kernel rootkits.** These kits replace a portion of the operating system kernel so the rootkit can start automatically when the operating system loads.
- **Firmware rootkits.** These kits overwrite the firmware of the PC's basic input/output system or other hardware so the rootkit can start before Windows.
- **Bootkits.** These kits replace the OS's bootloader (the small piece of software that starts the OS) so that the PC loads the bootkit before the OS.
- **Kernel rootkits.** These kits replace a portion of the OS kernel so the rootkit can start automatically when the OS loads.
- **Driver rootkits.** These kits pretend to be one of the trusted drivers that Windows uses to communicate with the PC hardware.
## The countermeasures
Windows supports four features to help prevent rootkits and bootkits from loading during the startup process:
- **Secure Boot.** PCs with UEFI firmware and a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) can be configured to load only trusted operating system bootloaders.
- **Secure Boot.** PCs with UEFI firmware and a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) can be configured to load only trusted OS bootloaders.
- **Trusted Boot.** Windows checks the integrity of every component of the startup process before loading it.
- **Early Launch Anti-Malware (ELAM).** ELAM tests all drivers before they load and prevents unapproved drivers from loading.
- **Measured Boot.** The PC’s firmware logs the boot process, and Windows can send it to a trusted server that can objectively assess the PC’s health.
- **Measured Boot.** The PC's firmware logs the boot process, and Windows can send it to a trusted server that can objectively assess the PC's health.
Figure 1 shows the Windows startup process.
Figure 1 shows the Windows startup process.
![Windows startup process.](./images/dn168167.boot_process(en-us,MSDN.10).png)
![Windows startup process](./images/dn168167.boot_process(en-us,MSDN.10).png)
*Figure 1. Secure Boot, Trusted Boot, and Measured Boot block malware at every stage*
**Figure 1. Secure Boot, Trusted Boot, and Measured Boot block malware at every stage**
Secure Boot and Measured Boot are only possible on PCs with UEFI 2.3.1 and a TPM chip. Fortunately, all Windows 10 and Windows 11 PCs that meet Windows Hardware Compatibility Program requirements have these components, and many PCs designed for earlier versions of Windows have them as well.
Secure Boot and Measured Boot are only possible on PCs with UEFI 2.3.1 and a TPM chip. Fortunately, all Windows 10 and Windows 11 PCs that meet Windows Hardware Compatibility Program requirements have these components, and many PCs designed for earlier versions of Windows have them as well.
The sections that follow describe Secure Boot, Trusted Boot, ELAM, and Measured Boot.
## Secure Boot
When a PC starts, it first finds the operating system bootloader. PCs without Secure Boot simply run whatever bootloader is on the PC’s hard drive. There’s no way for the PC to tell whether it’s a trusted operating system or a rootkit.
When a PC equipped with UEFI starts, the PC first verifies that the firmware is digitally signed, reducing the risk of firmware rootkits. If Secure Boot is enabled, the firmware examines the bootloader’s digital signature to verify that it hasn’t been modified. If the bootloader is intact, the firmware starts the bootloader only if one of the following conditions is true:
When a PC starts, it first finds the OS bootloader. PCs without Secure Boot run whatever bootloader is on the PC's hard drive. There's no way for the PC to tell whether it's a trusted OS or a rootkit.
- **The bootloader was signed using a trusted certificate.** In the case of PCs certified for Windows, the Microsoft® certificate is trusted.
- **The user has manually approved the bootloader’s digital signature.** This allows the user to load non-Microsoft operating systems.
When a PC equipped with UEFI starts, the PC first verifies that the firmware is digitally signed, reducing the risk of firmware rootkits. If Secure Boot is enabled, the firmware examines the bootloader's digital signature to verify that it hasn't been modified. If the bootloader is intact, the firmware starts the bootloader only if one of the following conditions is true:
- **The bootloader was signed using a trusted certificate.** For PCs certified for Windows, the Microsoft certificate is trusted.
- **The user has manually approved the bootloader's digital signature.** This action allows the user to load non-Microsoft operating systems.
All x86-based Certified For Windows PCs must meet several requirements related to Secure Boot:
- They must have Secure Boot enabled by default.
- They must trust Microsoft’s certificate (and thus any bootloader Microsoft has signed).
- They must trust Microsoft's certificate (and thus any bootloader Microsoft has signed).
- They must allow the user to configure Secure Boot to trust other bootloaders.
- They must allow the user to completely disable Secure Boot.
These requirements help protect you from rootkits while allowing you to run any operating system you want. You have three options for running non-Microsoft operating systems:
These requirements help protect you from rootkits while allowing you to run any OS you want. You have three options for running non-Microsoft operating systems:
- **Use an operating system with a certified bootloader.** Because all Certified For Windows PCs must trust Microsoft’s certificate, Microsoft offers a service to analyze and sign any non-Microsoft bootloader so that it will be trusted by all Certified For Windows PCs. In fact, an [open source bootloader](http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/20303.html) capable of loading Linux is already available. To begin the process of obtaining a certificate, go to <https://partner.microsoft.com/dashboard>.
- **Configure UEFI to trust your custom bootloader.** All Certified For Windows PCs allow you to trust a non-certified bootloader by adding a signature to the UEFI database, allowing you to run any operating system, including homemade operating systems.
- **Turn off Secure Boot.** All Certified For Windows PCs allow you to turn off Secure Boot so that you can run any software. This does not help protect you from bootkits, however.
- **Use an OS with a certified bootloader.** Because all Certified For Windows PCs must trust Microsoft's certificate, Microsoft offers a service to analyze and sign any non-Microsoft bootloader so that it will be trusted by all Certified For Windows PCs. In fact, an [open source bootloader](http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/20303.html) capable of loading Linux is already available. To begin the process of obtaining a certificate, go to <https://partner.microsoft.com/dashboard>.
- **Configure UEFI to trust your custom bootloader.** All Certified For Windows PCs allow you to trust a non-certified bootloader by adding a signature to the UEFI database, allowing you to run any OS, including homemade operating systems.
- **Turn off Secure Boot.** All *Certified For Windows* PCs allow you to turn off Secure Boot so that you can run any software. This action doesn't help protect you from bootkits, however.
To prevent malware from abusing these options, the user must manually configure the UEFI firmware to trust a non-certified bootloader or to turn off Secure Boot. Software cannot change the Secure Boot settings.
To prevent malware from abusing these options, the user must manually configure the UEFI firmware to trust a non-certified bootloader or to turn off Secure Boot. Software can't change the Secure Boot settings.
Like most mobile devices, ARM-based Certified For Windows RT devices, such as the Microsoft Surface RT device, are designed to run only Windows 8.1. Therefore, Secure Boot cannot be turned off, and you cannot load a different operating system. Fortunately, there is a large market of ARM devices designed to run other operating systems.
Like most mobile devices, ARM-based Certified For Windows RT devices, such as the Microsoft Surface RT device, are designed to run only Windows 8.1. Therefore, Secure Boot can't be turned off, and you can't load a different OS. Fortunately, there's a large market of ARM processor devices designed to run other operating systems.
## Trusted Boot
Trusted Boot takes over where Secure Boot leaves off. The bootloader verifies the digital signature of the Windows 10 kernel before loading it. The Windows 10 kernel, in turn, verifies every other component of the Windows startup process, including the boot drivers, startup files, and ELAM. If a file has been modified, the bootloader detects the problem and refuses to load the corrupted component. Often, Windows can automatically repair the corrupted component, restoring the integrity of Windows and allowing the PC to start normally.
Trusted Boot takes over where Secure Boot ends. The bootloader verifies the digital signature of the Windows 10 kernel before loading it. The Windows 10 kernel, in turn, verifies every other component of the Windows startup process, including the boot drivers, startup files, and ELAM. If a file has been modified, the bootloader detects the problem and refuses to load the corrupted component. Often, Windows can automatically repair the corrupted component, restoring the integrity of Windows and allowing the PC to start normally.
## Early Launch Anti-Malware
Because Secure Boot has protected the bootloader and Trusted Boot has protected the Windows kernel, the next opportunity for malware to start is by infecting a non-Microsoft boot driver. Traditional anti-malware apps don’t start until after the boot drivers have been loaded, giving a rootkit disguised as a driver the opportunity to work.
Early Launch Anti-Malware (ELAM) can load a Microsoft or non-Microsoft anti-malware driver before all non-Microsoft boot drivers and applications, thus continuing the chain of trust established by Secure Boot and Trusted Boot. Because the operating system hasn’t started yet, and because Windows needs to boot as quickly as possible, ELAM has a simple task: examine every boot driver and determine whether it is on the list of trusted drivers. If it’s not trusted, Windows won’t load it.
Because Secure Boot has protected the bootloader and Trusted Boot has protected the Windows kernel, the next opportunity for malware to start is by infecting a non-Microsoft boot driver. Traditional anti-malware apps don't start until after the boot drivers have been loaded, giving a rootkit disguised as a driver the opportunity to work.
An ELAM driver isn’t a full-featured anti-malware solution; that loads later in the boot process. Windows Defender (included with Windows) supports ELAM, as does [Microsoft System Center 2012 Endpoint Protection](/lifecycle/products/microsoft-system-center-2012-endpoint-protection) and several non-Microsoft anti-malware apps.
Early Launch Anti-Malware (ELAM) can load a Microsoft or non-Microsoft anti-malware driver before all non-Microsoft boot drivers and applications, thus continuing the chain of trust established by Secure Boot and Trusted Boot. Because the OS hasn't started yet, and because Windows needs to boot as quickly as possible, ELAM has a simple task: examine every boot driver and determine whether it is on the list of trusted drivers. If it's not trusted, Windows won't load it.
An ELAM driver isn't a full-featured anti-malware solution; that loads later in the boot process. Windows Defender (included with Windows) supports ELAM, as does several non-Microsoft anti-malware apps.
## Measured Boot
If a PC in your organization does become infected with a rootkit, you need to know about it. Enterprise anti-malware apps can report malware infections to the IT department, but that doesn’t work with rootkits that hide their presence. In other words, you can’t trust the client to tell you whether it’s healthy.
If a PC in your organization does become infected with a rootkit, you need to know about it. Enterprise anti-malware apps can report malware infections to the IT department, but that doesn't work with rootkits that hide their presence. In other words, you can't trust the client to tell you whether it's healthy.
As a result, PCs infected with rootkits appear to be healthy, even with anti-malware running. Infected PCs continue to connect to the enterprise network, giving the rootkit access to vast amounts of confidential data and potentially allowing the rootkit to spread across the internal network.
Working with the TPM and non-Microsoft software, Measured Boot in Windows allows a trusted server on the network to verify the integrity of the Windows startup process. Measured Boot uses the following process:
Measured Boot works with the TPM and non-Microsoft software in Windows. It allows a trusted server on the network to verify the integrity of the Windows startup process. Measured Boot uses the following process:
1. The PC’s UEFI firmware stores in the TPM a hash of the firmware, bootloader, boot drivers, and everything that will be loaded before the anti-malware app.
1. The PC's UEFI firmware stores in the TPM a hash of the firmware, bootloader, boot drivers, and everything that will be loaded before the anti-malware app.
2. At the end of the startup process, Windows starts the non-Microsoft remote attestation client. The trusted attestation server sends the client a unique key.
3. The TPM uses the unique key to digitally sign the log recorded by the UEFI.
4. The client sends the log to the server, possibly with other security information.
Depending on the implementation and configuration, the server can now determine whether the client is healthy and grant the client access to either a limited quarantine network or to the full network.
Figure 2 illustrates the Measured Boot and remote attestation process.
Depending on the implementation and configuration, the server can now determine whether the client is healthy. It can grant the client access to either a limited quarantine network or to the full network.
Figure 2 illustrates the Measured Boot and remote attestation process.
![Measured Boot and remote attestation process.](./images/dn168167.measure_boot(en-us,MSDN.10).png)
*Figure 2. Measured Boot proves the PC's health to a remote server*
**Figure 2. Measured Boot proves the PC’s health to a remote server**
Windows includes the application programming interfaces to support Measured Boot, but you’ll need non-Microsoft tools to implement a remote attestation client and trusted attestation server to take advantage of it. For example, see the following tools from Microsoft Research:
Windows includes the application programming interfaces to support Measured Boot, but you'll need non-Microsoft tools to implement a remote attestation client and trusted attestation server to take advantage of it. For example, see the following tools from Microsoft Research:
- [TPM Platform Crypto-Provider Toolkit](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=52487)
- [TSS.MSR](https://github.com/microsoft/TSS.MSR#tssmsr)
Measured Boot uses the power of UEFI, TPM, and Windows to give you a way to confidently assess the trustworthiness of a client PC across the network.
## Summary
Secure Boot, Trusted Boot, and Measured Boot create an architecture that is fundamentally resistant to bootkits and rootkits. In Windows, these features have the potential to eliminate kernel-level malware from your network. This is the most ground-breaking anti-malware solution that Windows has ever had; it’s leaps and bounds ahead of everything else. With Windows, you can truly trust the integrity of your operating system.
## Additional resources
- [Windows Enterprise Evaluation](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise)
Secure Boot, Trusted Boot, and Measured Boot create an architecture that is fundamentally resistant to bootkits and rootkits. In Windows, these features have the potential to eliminate kernel-level malware from your network. With Windows, you can trust the integrity of your OS.