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---
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title: Protecting cluster shared volumes and storage area networks with BitLocker
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description: This article for IT pros describes how to protect CSVs and SANs with BitLocker.
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ms.topic: conceptual
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ms.date: 11/08/2022
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title: Protect cluster shared volumes and storage area networks with BitLocker
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description: Learn how to how to protect cluster shared volumes (CSV) and storage area networks (SAN) with BitLocker.
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ms.topic: how-to
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ms.date: 10/05/2023
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appliesto:
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- ✅ <a href=https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/release-health/windows-server-release-info target=_blank>Windows Server 2022</a>
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- ✅ <a href=https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/release-health/windows-server-release-info target=_blank>Windows Server 2019</a>
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- ✅ <a href=https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/release-health/windows-server-release-info target=_blank>Windows Server 2016</a>
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---
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# Protecting cluster shared volumes and storage area networks with BitLocker
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# Protect cluster shared volumes and storage area networks with BitLocker
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**Applies to:**
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This article describes the procedure to protect cluster shared volumes (CSVs) and storage area networks (SANs) with BitLocker.
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- Windows Server 2016 and above
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BitLocker protects both physical disk resources and cluster shared volumes version 2.0 (CSV2.0). BitLocker on clustered volumes provides an extra layer of protection that can be used to protect sensitive, highly available data. The administrators use this extra layer of protection to increase the security to resources. Only certain user accounts provided access to unlock the BitLocker volume.
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This article describes the procedure to protect cluster shared volumes (CSVs) and storage area networks (SANs) by using BitLocker.
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## Configure BitLocker on cluster shared volumes
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BitLocker protects both physical disk resources and cluster shared volumes version 2.0 (CSV2.0). BitLocker on clustered volumes provides an extra layer of protection that can be used by administrators wishing to protect sensitive, highly available data. The administrators use this extra layer of protection to increase the security to resources. Only certain user accounts provided access to unlock the BitLocker volume.
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## Configuring BitLocker on Cluster Shared Volumes
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### Using BitLocker with clustered volumes
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Volumes within a cluster are managed with the help of BitLocker based on how the cluster service "views" the volume to be protected. The volume can be a physical disk resource such as a logical unit number (LUN) on a SAN or network attached storage (NAS).
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Volumes within a cluster are managed with the help of BitLocker based on how the cluster service *sees* the volume to be protected. The volume can be a physical disk resource such as a logical unit number (LUN) on a SAN, or network attached storage (NAS).
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> SANs used with BitLocker must have obtained Windows Hardware Certification. For more info, see [Windows Hardware Lab Kit](/windows-hardware/drivers/).
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> SANs used with BitLocker must have obtained Windows Hardware Certification. For more information, check [Windows Hardware Lab Kit](/windows-hardware/drivers/).
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Instead, the volume can be a cluster-shared volume. Windows Server 2012 expanded the CSV architecture, now known as CSV2.0, to enable support for BitLocker. The volumes that are designated for a cluster must do the following tasks:
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The volumes that are designated for a cluster must do the following tasks:
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- It must turn on BitLocker—only after this task is done, can the volumes be added to the storage pool.
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- It must put the resource into maintenance mode before BitLocker operations are completed.
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- turn on BitLocker: only after this task is done, the volumes can be added to the storage pool
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- must put the resource into maintenance mode before BitLocker operations are completed.
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Windows PowerShell or the `manage-bde.exe` command-line tool is the preferred method to manage BitLocker on CSV2.0 volumes. This method is recommended over the BitLocker Control Panel item because CSV2.0 volumes are mount points. Mount points are an NTFS object that is used to provide an entry point to other volumes. Mount points don't require the use of a drive letter. Volumes that lack drive letters don't appear in the BitLocker Control Panel item. Additionally, the new Active Directory-based protector option required for cluster disk resource or CSV2.0 resources isn't available in the Control Panel item.
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@ -92,27 +90,19 @@ To turn on BitLocker for a disk before adding it to a cluster:
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When the cluster service owns a disk resource already, the disk resource needs to be set into maintenance mode before BitLocker can be enabled. To turn on the BitLocker for a clustered disk using Windows PowerShell, perform the following steps:
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1. Install the BitLocker drive encryption feature if it isn't already installed.
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2. Check the status of the cluster disk using Windows PowerShell.
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```powershell
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Get-ClusterResource "Cluster Disk 1"
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```
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3. Put the physical disk resource into maintenance mode using Windows PowerShell.
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```powershell
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Get-ClusterResource "Cluster Disk 1" | Suspend-ClusterResource
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```
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4. Identify the name of the cluster with Windows PowerShell.
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```powershell
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Get-Cluster
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```
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5. Enable BitLocker a volume with an **ADAccountOrGroup** protector, using the cluster name. For example, use a command such as:
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```powershell
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Enable-BitLocker E: -ADAccountOrGroupProtector -ADAccountOrGroup CLUSTER$
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```
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@ -133,9 +123,7 @@ When the cluster service owns a disk resource already, the disk resource needs t
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**`Manage-bde.exe`** can also be used to enable BitLocker on clustered volumes. The steps needed to add a physical disk resource or CSV2.0 volume to an existing cluster are:
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1. Verify that the BitLocker drive encryption feature is installed on the computer.
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2. Ensure new storage is formatted as NTFS.
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3. Encrypt the volume, add a recovery key and add the cluster administrator as a protector key using **`manage-bde.exe`** in a Command Prompt window. For example:
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```cmd
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@ -143,7 +131,6 @@ When the cluster service owns a disk resource already, the disk resource needs t
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```
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1. BitLocker will check to see if the disk is already part of a cluster. If it is, administrators will encounter a hard block. Otherwise, the encryption continues.
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2. Using the -sync parameter is optional. However, using the -sync parameter has the advantage of ensuring the command waits until the encryption for the volume is completed. The volume is then released for use in the cluster storage pool.
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4. Open the Failover Cluster Manager snap-in or cluster PowerShell cmdlets to enable the disk to be clustered.
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@ -153,7 +140,6 @@ When the cluster service owns a disk resource already, the disk resource needs t
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5. During the resource online operation, cluster checks whether the disk is BitLocker encrypted.
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1. If the volume isn't BitLocker enabled, traditional cluster online operations occur.
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2. If the volume is BitLocker enabled, BitLocker checks if the volume is **locked**. If the volume is **locked**, BitLocker impersonates the CNO and unlocks the volume using the CNO protector. If these actions by BitLocker fail, an event is logged. The logged event will state that the volume couldn't be unlocked and the online operation has failed.
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6. Once the disk is online in the storage pool, it can be added to a CSV by right-clicking the disk resource, and choosing "**Add to cluster shared volumes**".
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@ -196,16 +182,10 @@ In the case where a physical disk resource experiences a failover event during c
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Some other considerations to take into account for BitLocker on clustered storage include:
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- BitLocker volumes have to be initialized and begin encryption before they're available to add to a CSV2.0 volume.
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- If an administrator needs to decrypt a CSV volume, remove the volume from the cluster or put it into disk maintenance mode. The CSV can be added back to the cluster while waiting for decryption to complete.
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- If an administrator needs to start encrypting a CSV volume, remove the volume from the cluster or put it into maintenance mode.
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- If conversion is paused with encryption in progress and the CSV volume is offline from the cluster, the cluster thread (health check) automatically resumes conversion when the volume is online to the cluster.
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- If conversion is paused with encryption in progress and a physical disk resource volume is offline from the cluster, the BitLocker driver automatically resumes conversion when the volume is online to the cluster.
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- If conversion is paused with encryption in progress, while the CSV volume is in maintenance mode, the cluster thread (health check) automatically resumes conversion when moving the volume back from maintenance.
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- If conversion is paused with encryption in progress, while the disk resource volume is in maintenance mode, the BitLocker driver automatically resumes conversion when the volume is moved back from maintenance mode.
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- BitLocker volumes have to be initialized and begin encryption before they're available to add to a CSV2.0 volume
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- If an administrator needs to decrypt a CSV volume, remove the volume from the cluster or put it into disk maintenance mode. The CSV can be added back to the cluster while waiting for decryption to complete
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- If an administrator needs to start encrypting a CSV volume, remove the volume from the cluster or put it into maintenance mode
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- If conversion is paused with encryption in progress and the CSV volume is offline from the cluster, the cluster thread (health check) automatically resumes conversion when the volume is online to the cluster
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- If conversion is paused with encryption in progress and a physical disk resource volume is offline from the cluster, the BitLocker driver automatically resumes conversion when the volume is online to the cluster
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- If conversion is paused with encryption in progress, while the CSV volume is in maintenance mode, the cluster thread (health check) automatically resumes conversion when moving the volume back from maintenance
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- If conversion is paused with encryption in progress, while the disk resource volume is in maintenance mode, the BitLocker driver automatically resumes conversion when the volume is moved back from maintenance mode
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Paolo Matarazzo