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Diana Hanson
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windows/client-management/troubleshoot-tcpip-port-exhaust.md
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ ms.topic: troubleshooting
author: dansimp
ms.localizationpriority: medium
ms.author: dansimp
ms.date: 12/06/2018
ms.date: 02/07/2022
ms.reviewer:
manager: dansimp
ms.collection: highpri
@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ There are two types of ports:
- *Ephemeral ports*, which are usually dynamic ports, are the set of ports that every machine by default will have them to make an outbound connection.
- *Well-known ports* are the defined port for a particular application or service. For example, file server service is on port 445, HTTPS is 443, HTTP is 80, and RPC is 135. Custom application will also have their defined port numbers.
Clients when connecting to an application or service will make use of an ephemeral port from its machine to connect to a well-known port defined for that application or service. A browser on a client machine will use an ephemeral port to connect to https://www.microsoft.com on port 443.
When connecting to an application or service, client devices use an ephemeral port from the device to connect to a well-known port defined for that application or service. A browser on a client machine will use an ephemeral port to connect to `https://www.microsoft.com` on port 443.
In a scenario where the same browser is creating a lot of connections to multiple website, for any new connection that the browser is attempting, an ephemeral port is used. After some time, you will notice that the connections will start to fail and one high possibility for this would be because the browser has used all the available ports to make connections outside and any new attempt to establish a connection will fail as there are no more ports available. When all the ports are on a machine are used, we term it as *port exhaustion*.
In a scenario where the same browser is creating a lot of connections to multiple websites, for any new connection that the browser is attempting, an ephemeral port is used. After some time, you will notice that the connections will start to fail and one high possibility for this would be because the browser has used all the available ports to make connections outside and any new attempt to establish a connection will fail as there are no more ports available. When all the ports on a machine are used, we term it as *port exhaustion*.
## Default dynamic port range for TCP/IP
@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ If you suspect that the machine is in a state of port exhaustion:
![Screenshot of netstate command output.](images/tcp-ts-20.png)
After a graceful closure or an abrupt closure of a session, after a period of 4 minutes (default), the port used the process or application would be released back to the available pool. During this 4 minutes, the TCP connection state will be TIME_WAIT state. In a situation where you suspect port exhaustion, an application or process will not be able to release all the ports that it has consumed and will remain in the TIME_WAIT state.
After a graceful closure or an abrupt closure of a session, after a period of 4 minutes (default), the port used by the process or application would be released back to the available pool. During this 4 minutes, the TCP connection state will be TIME_WAIT state. In a situation where you suspect port exhaustion, an application or process will not be able to release all the ports that it has consumed and will remain in the TIME_WAIT state.
You may also see CLOSE_WAIT state connections in the same output, however CLOSE_WAIT state is a state when one side of the TCP peer has no more data to send (FIN sent) but is able to receive data from the other end. This state does not necessarily indicate port exhaustion.
You might also see CLOSE_WAIT state connections in the same output; however, CLOSE_WAIT state is a state when one side of the TCP peer has no more data to send (FIN sent) but is able to receive data from the other end. This state does not necessarily indicate port exhaustion.
> [!Note]
> Having huge connections in TIME_WAIT state does not always indicate that the server is currently out of ports unless the first two points are verified. Having lot of TIME_WAIT connections does indicate that the process is creating lot of TCP connections and may eventually lead to port exhaustion.
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ Steps to use Process explorer:
Finally, if the above methods did not help you isolate the process, we suggest you collect a complete memory dump of the machine in the issue state. The dump will tell you which process has the maximum handles.
As a workaround, rebooting the computer will get the it back in normal state and would help you resolve the issue for the time being. However, when a reboot is impractical, you can also consider increasing the number of ports on the machine using the below commands:
As a workaround, rebooting the computer will get it back in normal state and would help you resolve the issue for the time being. However, when a reboot is impractical, you can also consider increasing the number of ports on the machine using the below commands:
```console
netsh int ipv4 set dynamicport tcp start=10000 num=1000