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windows/deployment/volume-activation/install-vamt.md
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@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ ms.technology: itpro-fundamentals
# Install VAMT
This topic describes how to install the Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT).
This article describes how to install the Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT).
## Install VAMT
## Installing VAMT
You install VAMT as part of the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK) for Windows 10.
@ -28,8 +28,11 @@ You install VAMT as part of the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK) for
### Requirements
- [Windows Server with Desktop Experience](/windows-server/get-started/getting-started-with-server-with-desktop-experience), with internet access (for the main VAMT console) and all updates applied
- Latest version of the [Windows 10 ADK](/windows-hardware/get-started/adk-install)
- Any supported [SQL Server Express](https://www.microsoft.com/sql-server/sql-server-editions-express) version, the latest is recommended
- Alternatively, any supported **full** SQL instance
### Install SQL Server Express / alternatively use any full SQL instance
@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ You install VAMT as part of the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK) for
1. Download the latest version of [Windows 10 ADK](/windows-hardware/get-started/adk-install).
If an older version is already installed, it is recommended to uninstall the older ADK and install the latest version. Existing VAMT data is maintained in the VAMT database.
If an older version is already installed, it's recommended to uninstall the older ADK and install the latest version. Existing VAMT data is maintained in the VAMT database.
2. Enter an install location or use the default path, and then select **Next**.
@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ You install VAMT as part of the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK) for
4. Accept the license terms.
5. On the **Select the features you want to install** page, select **Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT)**, and then select **Install**. (You can select additional features to install as well.)
5. On the **Select the features you want to install** page, select **Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT)**, and then select **Install**. If desired, you can select additional features to install as well.
6. On the completion page, select **Close**.
@ -72,15 +75,10 @@ You install VAMT as part of the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK) for
For remote SQL Server, use `servername.yourdomain.com`.
## Uninstall VAMT
To uninstall VAMT using the **Programs and Features** Control Panel:
1. Open **Control Panel** and select **Programs and Features**.
2. Select **Assessment and Deployment Kit** from the list of installed programs and click **Change**. Follow the instructions in the Windows ADK installer to remove VAMT.
2. Select **Assessment and Deployment Kit** from the list of installed programs and select **Change**. Follow the instructions in the Windows ADK installer to remove VAMT.

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windows/deployment/volume-activation/introduction-vamt.md
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ The Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT) enables network administrators and
> [!NOTE]
> VAMT can be installed on, and can manage, physical or virtual instances. VAMT can't detect whether or not the remote products are virtual. As long as the products can respond to Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) calls, they will be discovered and activated.
## <a href="" id="bkmk-managingmak"></a>Managing MAK and retail activation
## Managing MAK and retail activation
You can use a MAK or a retail product key to activate Windows, Windows Server, or Office on an individual computer or a group of computers. VAMT enables two different activation scenarios:
@ -26,23 +26,25 @@ You can use a MAK or a retail product key to activate Windows, Windows Server, o
- **Proxy activation**: This activation method enables you to perform volume activation for products installed on client computers that don't have internet access. The VAMT host computer distributes a MAK, KMS host key (CSVLK), or retail product key to one or more client products and collects the installation ID (IID) from each client product. The VAMT host sends the IIDs to Microsoft on behalf of the client products and obtains the corresponding Confirmation IDs (CIDs). The VAMT host then installs the CIDs on the client products to complete the activation. Using this method, only the VAMT host computer needs internet access. You can also activate products installed on computers in a workgroup that's isolated from any larger network, by installing a second instance of VAMT on a computer within the workgroup. Then, use removable media to transfer activation data between this new instance of VAMT and the internet-connected VAMT host.
## <a href="" id="bkmk-managingkms"></a>Managing KMS activation
## Managing KMS activation
In addition to MAK or retail activation, you can use VAMT to perform volume activation using the KMS. VAMT can install and activate GVLK (KMS client) keys on client products. GVLKs are the default product keys used by volume license editions of Windows, Windows Server, and Office.
VAMT treats a KMS host key (CSVLK) product key identically to a retail-type product key. The experience for product key entry and activation management are identical for both these product key types.
## <a href="" id="bkmk-enterpriseenvironment"></a>Enterprise environment
## Enterprise environment
VAMT is commonly implemented in enterprise environments. The following screenshot illustrates three common environments: core network, secure zone, and isolated lab.
![VAMT in the enterprise.](images/dep-win8-l-vamt-image001-enterprise.jpg)
- In the core network environment, all computers are within a common network managed by Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS).
- The secure zone represents higher-security core network computers that have extra firewall protection.
- The isolated lab environment is a workgroup that is physically separate from the core network, and its computers don't have internet access. The network security policy states that no information that could identify a specific computer or user may be transferred out of the isolated lab.
## <a href="" id="bkmk-userinterface"></a>VAMT user interface
## VAMT user interface
The following screenshot shows the VAMT graphical user interface:
@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ VAMT provides a single, graphical user interface for managing activations, and f
- **Managing product keys**: You can store multiple product keys and use VAMT to install these keys to remote client products. You can also determine the number of activations remaining for MAKs.
- **Managing activation data**: VAMT stores activation data in a SQL database. VAMT can export this data to other VAMT hosts or to an archive in XML format.
- **Managing activation data**: VAMT stores activation data in an SQL database. VAMT can export this data to other VAMT hosts or to an archive in XML format.
## Next steps

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windows/deployment/volume-activation/kms-activation-vamt.md
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@ -11,36 +11,53 @@ ms.topic: article
ms.technology: itpro-fundamentals
---
# Perform KMS Activation
# Perform KMS activation
The Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT) can be used to perform volume activation using the Key Management Service (KMS). You can use VAMT to activate Generic Volume Licensing Keys, or KMS client keys, on products accessible to VAMT. GVLKs are the default product keys used by the volume-license editions of Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server® 2012, and Microsoft Office 2010. GVLKs are already installed in volume-license editions of these products.
## Requirements
Before configuring KMS activation, ensure that your network and VAMT installation meet the following requirements:
- KMS host is set up and enabled.
- KMS clients can access the KMS host.
- VAMT is installed on a central computer with network access to all client computers.
- The products to be activated have been added to VAMT. For more information on adding product keys, see [Install a KMS Client Key](install-kms-client-key-vamt.md).
- VAMT has administrative permissions on all computers to be activated, and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) is accessible through the Windows Firewall. For more information, see [Configure Client Computers](configure-client-computers-vamt.md).
- VAMT has administrative permissions on all computers to be activated, and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) is accessible through the Windows Firewall. For more information, see [Configure client computers](configure-client-computers-vamt.md).
## To configure devices for KMS activation
**To configure devices for KMS activation**
1. Open VAMT.
2. If necessary, set up the KMS activation preferences. If you don't need to set up the preferences, skip to step 6 in this procedure. Otherwise, continue to step 2.
3. To set up the preferences, on the menu bar click **View**, then click **Preferences** to open the **Volume Activation Management Tool Preferences** dialog box.
4. Under **Key Management Services host selection**, select one of the following options:
- **Find a KMS host automatically using DNS (default)**. If you choose this option, VAMT first clears any previously configured KMS host on the target computer and instructs the computer to query the Domain Name Service (DNS) to locate a KMS host and attempt activation.
- **Find a KMS host using DNS in this domain for supported products**. Enter the domain name. If you choose this option, VAMT first clears any previously configured KMS host on the target computer and instructs the computer to query the DNS in the specified domain to locate a KMS host and attempt activation.
- **Use specific KMS host**. Enter the KMS host name and KMS host port. For environments which do not use DNS for KMS host identification, VAMT sets the specified KMS host name and KMS host port on the target computer, and then instructs the computer to attempt activation with the specific KMS host.
5. Click **Apply**, and then click **OK** to close the **Volume Activation Management Tool Preferences** dialog box.
6. Select the products to be activated by selecting individual products in the product list view in the center pane. You can use the **Filter** function to narrow your search for computers by clicking **Filter** in the right-side pane to open the **Filter Products** dialog box.In the **Filter Products** dialog box, you can filter the list by computer name, product name, product key type, license status, or by any combination of these options.
- To filter the list by computer name, enter a name in the **Computer Name** box.
- To filter the list by Product Name, Product Key Type, or License Status, click the list you want to use for the filter and select an option. If necessary, click **clear all filters** to create a new filter.
7. Click **Filter**. VAMT displays the filtered list in the center pane.
8. In the right-side pane, click **Activate** in the **Selected Items** menu, and then click **Volume activate**.
9. Click a credential option. Choose **Alternate credentials** only if you are activating products that require administrator credentials different from the ones you are currently using.
10. If you are supplying alternate credentials, at the prompt, type the appropriate user name and password and click **OK**.
VAMT displays the **Volume Activation** dialog box until it completes the requested action. When the process is finished, the updated activation status of each product appears in the product list view in the center pane.
2. If necessary, set up the KMS activation preferences. If you don't need to set up the preferences, skip to step 6 in this procedure. Otherwise, continue to step 2.
3. To set up the preferences, on the menu bar select **View**, then select **Preferences** to open the **Volume Activation Management Tool Preferences** dialog box.
4. Under **Key Management Services host selection**, select one of the following options:
- **Find a KMS host automatically using DNS (default)**. If you choose this option, VAMT first clears any previously configured KMS host on the target computer, and instructs the computer to query the Domain Name Service (DNS) to locate a KMS host and attempt activation.
- **Find a KMS host using DNS in this domain for supported products**. Enter the domain name. If you choose this option, VAMT first clears any previously configured KMS host on the target computer, and instructs the computer to query the DNS in the specified domain to locate a KMS host and attempt activation.
- **Use specific KMS host**. Enter the KMS host name and KMS host port. For environments that don't use DNS for KMS host identification, VAMT sets the specified KMS host name and KMS host port on the target computer, and then instructs the computer to attempt activation with the specific KMS host.
5. Select **Apply**, and then select **OK** to close the **Volume Activation Management Tool Preferences** dialog box.
6. Select the products to be activated by selecting individual products in the product list view in the center pane. You can use the **Filter** function to narrow your search for computers by clicking **Filter** in the right-side pane to open the **Filter Products** dialog box.In the **Filter Products** dialog box, you can filter the list by computer name, product name, product key type, license status, or by any combination of these options.
- To filter the list by computer name, enter a name in the **Computer Name** box.
- To filter the list by Product Name, Product Key Type, or License Status, select the list you want to use for the filter and select an option. If necessary, select **clear all filters** to create a new filter.
7. Select **Filter**. VAMT displays the filtered list in the center pane.
8. In the right-side pane, select **Activate** in the **Selected Items** menu, and then select **Volume activate**.
9. Select a credential option. Choose **Alternate credentials** only if you're activating products that require administrator credentials different from the ones you're currently using.
10. If you're supplying alternate credentials, at the prompt, type the appropriate user name and password and select **OK**.
VAMT displays the **Volume Activation** dialog box until it completes the requested action. When the process is finished, the updated activation status of each product appears in the product list view in the center pane.

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windows/deployment/volume-activation/local-reactivation-vamt.md
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ms.topic: article
ms.technology: itpro-fundamentals
---
# Perform Local Reactivation
# Perform local reactivation
If you reinstall Windows® or Microsoft® Office 2010 on a computer that was initially activated using proxy activation (MAK, retail, or CSLVK (KMS host)), and have not made significant changes to the hardware, use this local reactivation procedure to reactivate the program on that computer.
Local reactivation relies upon data that was created during the initial proxy activation and stored in the Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT) database. The database contains the installation ID (IID) and confirmation ID (Pending CID). Local reactivation uses this data to reapply the CID and reactivate those products. Reapplying the same CID conserves the remaining activations on the key.
@ -19,26 +19,36 @@ Local reactivation relies upon data that was created during the initial proxy ac
> [!NOTE]
> During the initial proxy activation, the CID is bound to a digital "fingerprint", which is calculated from values assigned to several different hardware components in the computer. If the computer has had significant hardware changes, this fingerprint will no longer match the CID. In this case, you must obtain a new CID for the computer from Microsoft.
## To Perform a Local Reactivation
## To perform a local reactivation
1. Open VAMT. Make sure that you're connected to the desired database.
2. In the left-side pane, select the product you want to reactivate to display the products list.
**To perform a local reactivation**
1. Open VAMT. Make sure that you are connected to the desired database.
2. In the left-side pane, click the product you want to reactivate to display the products list.
3. In the product list view in the center pane, select the desired products to be reactivated. You can sort the list by computer name by clicking on the **Computer Name** heading. You can also use the **Filter** function to narrow your search for computers by clicking **Filter** in the right-side pane to open the **Filter Products** dialog box.
4. In the **Filter Products** dialog box, you can filter the list by computer name, product name, product key type, license status, or by any combination of these options.
- To filter the list by computer name, enter a name in the **Computer Name** box.
- To filter the list by Product Name, Product Key Type, or License Status, click the list you want to use for the filter and select an option. If necessary, click **clear all filters** to create a new filter.
5. Click **Filter**. VAMT displays the filtered list in the center pane.
6. In the right-side pane, click **Activate**, and then click **Apply Confirmation ID**.
7. Click a credential option. Choose **Alternate credentials** only if you are reactivating products that require administrator credentials different from the ones you are currently using.
8. If you are supplying alternate credentials, in the **Windows Security** dialog box type the appropriate user name and password and click **OK**.
- To filter the list by Product Name, Product Key Type, or License Status, select the list you want to use for the filter and select an option. If necessary, select **clear all filters** to create a new filter.
5. Select **Filter**. VAMT displays the filtered list in the center pane.
6. In the right-side pane, select **Activate**, and then select **Apply Confirmation ID**.
7. Select a credential option. Choose **Alternate credentials** only if you're reactivating products that require administrator credentials different from the ones you're currently using.
8. If you're supplying alternate credentials, in the **Windows Security** dialog box type the appropriate user name, and password and select **OK**.
VAMT displays the **Apply Confirmation ID** dialog box.
10. If you are using a different product key than the product key used for initial activation, you must complete a new activation to obtain a new CID.
11. If you are activating a product that requires administrator credentials different from the ones you are currently using, select the **Use Alternate Credentials** check box.
12. Click **OK**.
9. If you're using a different product key than the product key used for initial activation, you must complete a new activation to obtain a new CID.
## Related topics
10. If you're activating a product that requires administrator credentials different from the ones you're currently using, select the **Use Alternate Credentials** check box.
11. Select **OK**.
## Related article
- [Manage Activations](manage-activations-vamt.md)

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@ -17,14 +17,11 @@ This section describes how to activate a client computer, by using various activ
## In this Section
|Topic |Description |
|------|------------|
|Article |Description |
|-------|------------|
|[Perform Online Activation](online-activation-vamt.md) |Describes how to activate a client computer over the Internet. |
|[Perform Proxy Activation](proxy-activation-vamt.md) |Describes how to perform volume activation for client products that don't have Internet access. |
|[Perform KMS Activation](kms-activation-vamt.md) |Describes how to perform volume activation using the Key Management Service (KMS). |
|[Perform Local Reactivation](local-reactivation-vamt.md) |Describes how to reactivate an operating system or Office program that was reinstalled. |
|[Activate an Active Directory Forest Online](activate-forest-vamt.md) |Describes how to use Active Directory-Based Activation to activate an Active Directory forest, online. |
|[Activate by Proxy an Active Directory Forest](activate-forest-by-proxy-vamt.md) |Describes how to use Active Directory-Based Activation to proxy activate an Active Directory forest that isn't connected to the Internet. |

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windows/deployment/volume-activation/manage-product-keys-vamt.md
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@ -13,14 +13,12 @@ ms.technology: itpro-fundamentals
# Manage Product Keys
This section describes how to add and remove a product key from the Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT). After you add a product key to VAMT, you can install that product key on a product or products you select in the VAMT database.
This section describes how to add and remove a product key from the Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT). After you add a product key to VAMT, you can install that product key on a product, or products you select in the VAMT database.
## In this Section
|Topic |Description |
|------|------------|
|Article |Description |
|-------|------------|
|[Add and Remove a Product Key](add-remove-product-key-vamt.md) |Describes how to add a product key to the VAMT database. |
|[Install a Product Key](install-product-key-vamt.md) |Describes how to install a product key for specific product. |
|[Install a KMS Client Key](install-kms-client-key-vamt.md) |Describes how to install a GVLK (KMS client) key. |

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windows/deployment/volume-activation/manage-vamt-data.md
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@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ ms.technology: itpro-fundamentals
This section describes how to save, import, export, and merge a Computer Information List (CILX) file using the Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT).
## In this Section
|Topic |Description |
|------|------------|
|Article |Description |
|-------|------------|
|[Import and Export VAMT Data](import-export-vamt-data.md) |Describes how to import and export VAMT data. |
|[Use VAMT in Windows PowerShell](use-vamt-in-windows-powershell.md) |Describes how to access Windows PowerShell and how to import the VAMT PowerShell module. |

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@ -13,28 +13,30 @@ ms.technology: itpro-fundamentals
# Monitor activation
**Applies to**
- Windows 10
- Windows 8.1
- Windows 8
- Windows 7
- Windows Server 2012 R2
- Windows Server 2012
- Windows Server 2008 R2
(*Applies to: Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2*)
**Looking for retail activation?**
- [Get Help Activating Microsoft Windows](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=618644)
> [!TIP]
> Are you looking for information on retail activation?
>
> - [Activate Windows](https://support.microsoft.com/help/12440/)
> - [Product activation for Windows](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=618644)
You can monitor the success of the activation process for a computer running Windows in several ways. The most popular methods include:
- Using the Volume Licensing Service Center website to track use of MAK keys.
- Using the **Slmgr /dlv** command on a client computer or on the KMS host. (For a full list of options, see [Slmgr.vbs Options](/previous-versions//ff793433(v=technet.10)).)
- Viewing the licensing status, which is exposed through Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI); therefore, it is available to non-Microsoft or custom tools that can access WMI. (Windows PowerShell can also access WMI information.)
- Most licensing actions and events are recorded in the Event log (ex: Application Log events 12288-12290).
- Microsoft System Center Operations Manager and the KMS Management Pack can provide insight and information to users of System Center Operations Manager.
- See [Troubleshooting activation error codes](/windows-server/get-started/activation-error-codes) for information about troubleshooting procedures for Multiple Activation Key (MAK) or the Key Management Service (KMS).
- The VAMT provides a single site from which to manage and monitor volume activations. This is explained in the next section.
## See also
- Using the Volume Licensing Service Center website to track use of MAK keys.
- Using the `Slmgr /dlv` command on a client computer or on the KMS host. For a full list of options, see [Slmgr.vbs options](/previous-versions//ff793433(v=technet.10)).
- Viewing the licensing status, which is exposed through Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI); therefore, it's available to non-Microsoft or custom tools that can access WMI. (Windows PowerShell can also access WMI information.)
- Most licensing actions and events are recorded in the Event log (ex: Application Log events 12288-12290).
- Microsoft System Center Operations Manager and the KMS Management Pack can provide insight and information to users of System Center Operations Manager.
- See [Troubleshooting activation error codes](/windows-server/get-started/activation-error-codes) for information about troubleshooting procedures for Multiple Activation Key (MAK) or the Key Management Service (KMS).
- The VAMT provides a single site from which to manage and monitor volume activations. This feature is explained in the next section.
## Related articles
[Volume Activation for Windows 10](volume-activation-windows-10.md)

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windows/deployment/volume-activation/online-activation-vamt.md
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@ -11,34 +11,45 @@ ms.topic: article
ms.technology: itpro-fundamentals
---
# Perform Online Activation
# Perform online activation
You can use the Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT) to enable client products to be activated over the Internet. You can install the client products with any kind of product key that is eligible for online activation—Multiple Activation Key (MAK), retail, and Windows Key Management Services (KMS) host key.
## Requirements
Before performing online activation, ensure that the network and the VAMT installation meet the following requirements:
- VAMT is installed on a central computer that has network access to all client computers.
- Both the VAMT host and client computers have Internet access.
- The products that you want to activate are added to VAMT.
- VAMT has administrative permissions on all computers that you intend to activate, and that Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) can be accessed through the Windows firewall. For more information, see [Configure Client Computers](configure-client-computers-vamt.md).
The product keys that are installed on the client products must have a sufficient number of remaining activations. If you are activating a MAK key, you can retrieve the remaining number of activations for that key by selecting the MAK in the product key list in the center pane and then clicking
**Refresh product key data online** in the right-side pane. This retrieves the number of remaining activations for the MAK from Microsoft. Note that this step requires Internet access and that the remaining activation count can only be retrieved for MAKs.
The product keys that are installed on the client products must have a sufficient number of remaining activations. If you're activating a MAK key, you can retrieve the remaining number of activations for that key by selecting the MAK in the product key list in the center pane and then clicking **Refresh product key data online** in the right-side pane. This action retrieves the number of remaining activations for the MAK from Microsoft. This step requires Internet access and that the remaining activation count can only be retrieved for MAKs.
## To Perform an Online Activation
## To perform an online activation
**To perform an online activation**
1. Open VAMT.
2. In the products list view in the center pane, sort the list if necessary. You can use the **Filter** function to narrow your search for computers by clicking **Filter** in the right-side pane to open the **Filter Products** dialog box.
3. In the **Filter Products** dialog box, you can filter the list by computer name, product name, product key type, license status, or by any combination of these options.
- To filter the list by computer name, enter a name in the **Computer Name** box.
- To filter the list by Product Name, Product Key Type, or License Status, click the list you want to use for the filter and select an option. If necessary, click **clear all filters** to create a new filter.
4. Click **Filter**. VAMT displays the filtered list in the center pane.
- To filter the list by Product Name, Product Key Type, or License Status, select the list you want to use for the filter and select an option. If necessary, select **clear all filters** to create a new filter.
4. Select **Filter**. VAMT displays the filtered list in the center pane.
5. Select the products that you want to activate. You can use the **CTRL** key or the **SHIFT** key to select more than one product.
6. Click **Activate** in the **Selected Items** menu in the right-side **Actions** pane and then point to **Activate**. If the **Actions** pane is not displayed, click the Show/Hide Action Pane button, which is located on the toolbar to the right of the Help button.
7. Point to **Online activate**, and then select the appropriate credential option. If you click the **Alternate Credentials** option, you will be prompted to enter an alternate user name and password.
8. VAMT displays the **Activating products** dialog box until it completes the requested action. When activation is complete, the status appears in the **Action Status** column of the dialog box. Click **Close** to close the dialog box. You can also click the **Automatically close when done** check box when the dialog box appears.
6. Select **Activate** in the **Selected Items** menu in the right-side **Actions** pane and then point to **Activate**. If the **Actions** pane isn't displayed, select the Show/Hide Action Pane button, which is located on the toolbar to the right of the Help button.
7. Point to **Online activate**, and then select the appropriate credential option. If you select the **Alternate Credentials** option, you'll be prompted to enter an alternate user name and password.
8. VAMT displays the **Activating products** dialog box until it completes the requested action. When activation is complete, the status appears in the **Action Status** column of the dialog box. Select **Close** to close the dialog box. You can also select the **Automatically close when done** check box when the dialog box appears.
The same status is shown under the **Status of Last Action** column in the products list view in the center pane.
@ -48,5 +59,6 @@ The product keys that are installed on the client products must have a sufficien
> [!NOTE]
> You can use online activation to select products that have different key types and activate the products at the same time.
## Related topics
- [Manage Activations](manage-activations-vamt.md)
## Related articles
- [Manage activations](manage-activations-vamt.md)

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@ -13,18 +13,13 @@ ms.technology: itpro-fundamentals
# Plan for volume activation
**Applies to**
- Windows 10
- Windows 8.1
- Windows 8
- Windows 7
- Windows Server 2012 R2
- Windows Server 2012
- Windows Server 2008 R2
(*Applies to: Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2*)
**Looking for retail activation?**
- [Get Help Activating Microsoft Windows](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=618644)
> [!TIP]
> Are you looking for information on retail activation?
>
> - [Activate Windows](https://support.microsoft.com/help/12440/)
> - [Product activation for Windows](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=618644)
*Product activation* is the process of validating software with the manufacturer after it has been installed on a specific computer. Activation confirms that the product is genuine—not a fraudulent copy—and that the product key or serial number is valid and has not been compromised or revoked. Activation also establishes a link or relationship between the product key and the particular installation.
@ -50,7 +45,9 @@ OEM activation is valid as long as the customer uses the OEM-provided image on t
### Volume licensing
Volume licensing offers customized programs that are tailored to the size and purchasing preference of the organization. To become a volume licensing customer, the organization must set up a volume licensing agreement with Microsoft.There is a common misunderstanding about acquiring licenses for a new computer through volume licensing. There are two legal ways to acquire a full Windows client license for a new computer:
- Have the license preinstalled through the OEM.
- Purchase a fully packaged retail product.
The licenses that are provided through volume licensing programs such as Open License, Select License, and Enterprise Agreements cover upgrades to Windows client operating systems only. An existing retail or OEM operating system license is needed for each computer running Windows 10, Windows 8.1 Pro, Windows 8 Pro, Windows 7 Professional or Ultimate, or Windows XP Professional before the upgrade rights obtained through volume licensing can be exercised.
@ -64,13 +61,19 @@ Volume licensing is also available through certain subscription or membership pr
For a user or IT department, there are no significant choices about how to activate products that are acquired through retail or OEM channels. The OEM performs the activation at the factory, and the user or the IT department need take no activation steps.
With a retail product, the Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT), which is discussed later in this guide, helps you track and manage keys. For each retail activation, you can choose:
- Online activation
- Telephone activation
- VAMT proxy activation
Telephone activation is primarily used in situations where a computer is isolated from all networks. VAMT proxy activation (with retail keys) is sometimes used when an IT department wants to centralize retail activations or when a computer with a retail version of the operating system is isolated from the Internet but connected to the LAN. For volume-licensed products, however, you must determine the best method or combination of methods to use in your environment. For Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise, you can choose from three models:
- MAKs
- KMS
- Active Directory-based activation
> [!NOTE]
@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ A typical core network that includes a KMS host is shown in Figure 1.
In a large network, it is all but guaranteed that some segments will be isolated, either for security reasons or because of geography or connectivity issues.
**Isolated for security**
#### Isolated for security
Sometimes called a *high-security zone*, a particular network segment may be isolated from the core network by a firewall or disconnected from other networks totally. The best solution for activating computers in an isolated network depends on the security policies in place in the organization.
@ -139,11 +142,16 @@ If the network is fully isolated, MAK-independent activation would be the recomm
**Figure 2**. New KMS host in an isolated network
**Branch offices and distant networks**
#### Branch offices and distant networks
From mining operations to ships at sea, organizations often have a few computers that are not easily connected to the core network or the Internet. Some organizations have network segments at branch offices that are large and well-connected internally, but have a slow or unreliable WAN link to the rest of the organization. In these situations, you have several options:
- **Active Directory-based activation**. In any site where the client computers are running Windows 10, Active Directory-based activation is supported, and it can be activated by joining the domain.
- **Local KMS**. If a site has 25 or more client computers, it can activate against a local KMS server.
- **Remote (core) KMS**. If the remote site has connectivity to an existing KMS (perhaps through a virtual private network (VPN) to the core network), that KMS can be used. Using the existing KMS means that you only need to meet the activation threshold on that server.
- **MAK activation**. If the site has only a few computers and no connectivity to an existing KMS host, MAK activation is the best option.
### Disconnected computers
@ -166,7 +174,7 @@ Now it's time to assemble the pieces into a working solution. By evaluating your
|Criterion |Activation method |
|----------|------------------|
|Number of domain-joined computers that support Active Directory-based activation (computers running Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012 R2, or Windows Server 2012 R2) and will connect to a domain controller at least every 180 days. Computers can be mobile, semi-isolated, or located in a branch office or the core network. |Active Directory-based activation |
|Number of computers in the core network that will connect (directly or through a VPN) at least every 180 days<p><strong>Note</strong><br>The core network must meet the KMS activation threshold. |KMS (central) |
|Number of computers in the core network that will connect (directly or through a VPN) at least every 180 days<br><br>**Note**<br>The core network must meet the KMS activation threshold. |KMS (central) |
|Number of computers that do not connect to the network at least once every 180 days (or if no network meets the activation threshold) | MAK |
|Number of computers in semi-isolated networks that have connectivity to the KMS in the core network |KMS (central) |
|Number of computers in isolated networks where the KMS activation threshold is met |KMS (local) |
@ -174,13 +182,15 @@ Now it's time to assemble the pieces into a working solution. By evaluating your
|Number of computers in test and development labs that will not be activated |None|
|Number of computers that do not have a retail volume license |Retail (online or phone) |
|Number of computers that do not have an OEM volume license |OEM (at factory) |
|Total number of computer activations<p><strong>Note</strong><br>This total should match the total number of licensed computers in your organization. |
|Total number of computer activations<br><br>**Note**<br>This total should match the total number of licensed computers in your organization. |
## Choosing and acquiring keys
When you know which keys you need, you must obtain them. Generally speaking, volume licensing keys are collected in two ways:
- Go to the **Product Keys** section of the [Volume Licensing Service Center](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkID=618213) for the following agreements: Open, Open Value, Select, Enterprise, and Services Provider License.
- Contact your [Microsoft Activation Center](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=618264).
- Contact your [Microsoft activation center](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=618264).
### KMS host keys
@ -194,7 +204,7 @@ When you create installation media or images for client computers that will be a
Installation media from Microsoft for Enterprise editions of the Windows operating system may already contain the GVLK. One GVLK is available for each type of installation. The GLVK will not activate the software against Microsoft activation servers, but rather against a KMS or Active Directory-based activation object. In other words, the GVLK does not work unless a valid KMS host key can be found. GVLKs are the only product keys that do not need to be kept confidential.
Typically, you will not need to manually enter a GVLK unless a computer has been activated with a MAK or a retail key and it is being converted to a KMS activation or to Active Directory-based activation. If you need to locate the GVLK for a particular client edition, see [Appendix A: KMS Client Setup Keys](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/jj612867(v=ws.11)).
Typically, you will not need to manually enter a GVLK unless a computer has been activated with a MAK or a retail key and it is being converted to a KMS activation or to Active Directory-based activation. If you need to locate the GVLK for a particular client edition, see [Appendix A: KMS client setup keys](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/jj612867(v=ws.11)).
### Multiple activation keys
@ -209,18 +219,25 @@ A single KMS host can support unlimited numbers of KMS clients, but Microsoft re
The flow of KMS activation is shown in Figure 3, and it follows this sequence:
1. An administrator uses the VAMT console to configure a KMS host and install a KMS host key.
2. Microsoft validates the KMS host key, and the KMS host starts to listen for requests.
3. The KMS host updates resource records in DNS to allow clients to locate the KMS host. (Manually adding DNS records is required if your environment does not support DNS dynamic update protocol.)
4. A client configured with a GVLK uses DNS to locate the KMS host.
5. The client sends one packet to the KMS host.
6. The KMS host records information about the requesting client (by using a client ID). Client IDs are used to maintain the count of clients and detect when the same computer is requesting activation again. The client ID is only used to determine whether the activation thresholds are met. The IDs are not stored permanently or transmitted to Microsoft. If the KMS is restarted, the client ID collection starts again.
7. If the KMS host has a KMS host key that matches the products in the GVLK, the KMS host sends a single packet back to the client. This packet contains a count of the number of computers that have requested activation from this KMS host.
8. If the count exceeds the activation threshold for the product that is being activated, the client is activated. If the activation threshold has not yet been met, the client will try again.
![KMS activation flow.](../images/volumeactivationforwindows81-03.jpg)
**Figure 3**. KMS activation flow
## See also
- [Volume Activation for Windows 10](volume-activation-windows-10.md)
## Related articles
- [Volume Activation for Windows 10](volume-activation-windows-10.md)