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--- ---
title: Test Windows 10 in S mode on existing Windows 10 education devices title: Test Windows 10 in S mode on existing Windows 10 education devices
description: Provides guidance on downloading and testing Windows 10 in S mode for existing Windows 10 education devices. description: Provides guidance on downloading and testing Windows 10 in S mode for existing Windows 10 education devices.
keywords: Windows 10 in S mode, try, download, school, education, Windows 10 in S mode installer, existing Windows 10 education devices
ms.mktglfcycl: deploy
ms.prod: w10 ms.prod: w10
ms.pagetype: edu
ms.sitesec: library
ms.localizationpriority: medium ms.localizationpriority: medium
author: dansimp author: dansimp
ms.author: dansimp ms.author: dansimp
@ -23,53 +19,56 @@ The Windows 10 in S mode self-installer will allow you to test Windows 10 in S m
Windows 10 in S mode is built to give schools the familiar, robust, and productive experiences you count on from Windows in an experience that's been streamlined for security and performance in the classroom, and built to work with Microsoft Education<sup>[2](#footnote2)</sup>. Windows 10 in S mode is built to give schools the familiar, robust, and productive experiences you count on from Windows in an experience that's been streamlined for security and performance in the classroom, and built to work with Microsoft Education<sup>[2](#footnote2)</sup>.
Windows 10 in S mode is different from other editions of Windows 10 as everything that runs on the device is verified by Microsoft for security and performance. Therefore, Windows 10 in S mode works exclusively with apps from the Microsoft Store. Some accessories and apps compatible with Windows 10 may not work and performance may vary. Certain default settings, features, and apps can't be changed. When you install Windows 10 in S mode, your existing applications and settings will be deleted and you'll only be able to install apps from the Microsoft Store. Windows 10 in S mode is different from other editions of Windows 10 as everything that runs on the device is verified by Microsoft for security and performance. Therefore, Windows 10 in S mode works exclusively with apps from the Microsoft Store. Some accessories and apps compatible with Windows 10 may not work and performance may vary. Certain default settings, features, and apps can't be changed. When you install Windows 10 in S mode, your existing applications and settings will be deleted, and you'll only be able to install apps from the Microsoft Store.
**Configuring Windows 10 in S mode for school use is easy:** Education customers must configure **SetEduPolicies** for use in K-12 schools. For more information on how to do these configurations, see [Use the Set up School PCs app](use-set-up-school-pcs-app.md) and [Windows 10 configuration recommendations for education customers](configure-windows-for-education.md). **Configuring Windows 10 in S mode for school use is easy:** Education customers must configure **SetEduPolicies** for use in K-12 schools. For more information on how to do these configurations, see [Use the Set up School PCs app](use-set-up-school-pcs-app.md) and [Windows 10 configuration recommendations for education customers](configure-windows-for-education.md).
**Installing Office 365 for Windows 10 in S mode (Education preview)**: To install the Office applications in a school environment, you must use the free Set up School PCs app, which is available on the Microsoft Store for Education and from the Microsoft Store. **Installing Office 365 for Windows 10 in S mode (Education preview)**: To install the Office applications in a school environment, you must use the free Setup School PCs app, which is available on the Microsoft Store for Education and from the Microsoft Store.
As we finalize development of Office 365 for Windows 10 in S mode (Education preview), the applications will be updated automatically. You must have an Office license to activate the applications once they're installed.To learn more about Office 365 for Education plans, see [FAQ: Office on Windows 10 in S mode](https://support.office.com/article/717193b5-ff9f-4388-84c0-277ddf07fe3f). As we finalize development of Office 365 for Windows 10 in S mode (Education preview), the applications will be updated automatically. You must have an Office license to activate the applications once they're installed. For more information about Office 365 for Education plans, see [Office on Windows 10 in S mode](https://support.microsoft.com/office/office-on-windows-10-in-s-mode-717193b5-ff9f-4388-84c0-277ddf07fe3f?ui=en-us&rs=en-us&ad=us).
## Before you install Windows 10 in S mode ## Before you install Windows 10 in S mode
### Important information ### Important information
Before you install Windows 10 in S mode, be aware that non-Microsoft Store apps won't work, peripherals that require custom drivers may not work, and other errors may occur. In particular, this release of Windows 10 in S mode: Before you install Windows 10 in S mode, understand that non-Microsoft Store apps won't work, peripherals that require custom drivers may not work, and other errors may occur. In particular, this release of Windows 10 in S mode:
* Is intended for education customers to test compatibility with existing hardware
* May not work with some device drivers, which may not yet be ready for Windows 10 in S mode and may cause some loss in functionality - Is intended for education customers to test compatibility with existing hardware
* May not be compatible with all peripherals that require custom drivers and, even if compatible, may cause aspects of the peripheral to not function - May not work with some device drivers, which may not yet be ready for Windows 10 in S mode and may cause some loss in functionality
* Has software and feature limitations compared to other Windows 10 editions, primarily that Windows 10 in S mode is limited to Store apps only - May not be compatible with all peripherals that require custom drivers and, even if compatible, may cause aspects of the peripheral to not function
- Has software and feature limitations compared to other Windows 10 editions, primarily that Windows 10 in S mode is limited to Store apps only
> [!WARNING] > [!WARNING]
> You can install Windows 10 in S mode on devices running other editions of Windows 10. For more information, see [Supported devices](#supported-devices). However, we don't recommend installing Windows 10 in S mode on Windows 10 Home devices as you won't be able to activate it. > You can install Windows 10 in S mode on devices running other editions of Windows 10. For more information, see [Supported devices](#supported-devices). However, we don't recommend installing Windows 10 in S mode on Windows 10 Home devices as you won't be able to activate it.
* Won't run current Win32 software and might result in the loss of any data associated with that software, which might include software already purchased - Won't run current Win32 software and might result in the loss of any data associated with that software, which might include software already purchased
Due to these reasons, we recommend that you use the installation tool and avoid doing a clean install from an ISO media. Due to these reasons, we recommend that you use the installation tool and avoid doing a clean install from an ISO media.
Before you install Windows 10 in S mode on your existing Windows 10 Pro, Windows 10 Pro Education, Windows 10 Education, or Windows 10 Enterprise device: Before you install Windows 10 in S mode on your existing Windows 10 Pro, Windows 10 Pro Education, Windows 10 Education, or Windows 10 Enterprise device:
* Make sure that you updated your existing device to Windows 10, version 1703 (Creators Update).
See [Download Windows 10](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10) and follow the instructions to update your device to Windows 10, version 1703. You can verify your current version in **Settings > System > About**. - Make sure that you updated your existing device to Windows 10, version 1703.
* Install the latest Windows Update. To update your device to Windows 10, version 1703, see [Download Windows 10](https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10). You can verify your current version in **Settings > System > About**.
- Install the latest Windows Update.
To do this task, go to **Settings > Update & security > Windows Update**. To do this task, go to **Settings > Update & security > Windows Update**.
* Create a system backup in case you would like to return to your previously installed version of Windows 10 after trying Windows 10 in S mode. - Create a system backup in case you would like to return to your previously installed version of Windows 10 after trying Windows 10 in S mode.
For more information on how to create the system backup, see [Create a recovery drive](#create-a-recovery-drive). For more information on how to create the system backup, see [Create a recovery drive](#create-a-recovery-drive).
## Supported devices ## Supported devices
The Windows 10 in S mode install will install and activate on the following editions of Windows 10 in use by schools: The Windows 10 in S mode install will install and activate on the following editions of Windows 10 in use by schools:
* Windows 10 Pro
* Windows 10 Pro Education
* Windows 10 Education
* Windows 10 Enterprise
Other Windows 10 editions can't be activated and aren't supported. If your device isn't running one of these supported Windows 10 editions, don't proceed with using the Windows 10 in S mode installer. Windows 10-N editions and running in virtual machines aren't supported by the Windows 10 in S mode installer. - Windows 10 Pro
- Windows 10 Pro Education
- Windows 10 Education
- Windows 10 Enterprise
Other Windows 10 editions can't be activated and aren't supported. If your device isn't running one of these supported Windows 10 editions, don't proceed with using the Windows 10 in S mode installer. Windows 10-N editions and running in virtual machines aren't supported by the Windows 10 in S mode installer.
### Preparing your device to install drivers ### Preparing your device to install drivers
@ -77,28 +76,7 @@ Make sure all drivers are installed and working properly on your device running
### Supported devices and drivers ### Supported devices and drivers
Check with your device manufacturer before trying Windows 10 in S mode on your device to see if the drivers are available and supported by the device manufacturer. Check with your device manufacturer before trying Windows 10 in S mode on your device to see if the drivers are available and supported by the device manufacturer.
| &nbsp; | &nbsp; | &nbsp; |
| - | - | - |
| <a href="https://www.acer.com/ac/en/US/content/windows10s-compatible-list" target="_blank">Acer</a> | <a href="https://www.51cube.com/ch/win10s-help.php" target="_blank">Alldocube</a> | <a href="https://www.ibuypower.com/site/computer/windows-10-s" target="_blank">American Future Tech</a> |
| <a href="https://www.prestigio.com/support/compatibility-with-windows-10-s/" target="_blank">ASBISC</a> | <a href="https://www.asus.com/event/2017/win10S/" target="_blank">Asus</a> | <a href="https://www.atec.kr/contents/ms_info.html" target="_blank">Atec</a> |
| <a href="https://www.odys.de/web/web_lan_en_hmp_1_win10s_ja.html" target="_blank">Axdia</a> | <a href="https://www.casper.com.tr/window10sdestegi" target="_blank">Casper</a> | <a href="https://www.cyberpowerpc.com/page/Windows-10-S/" target="_blank">Cyberpower</a> |
| <a href="https://www.lucoms.com/v2/cs/cs_windows10.asp" target="_blank">Daewoo</a> | <a href="https://www.daten.com.br/suportes/windows10s/" target="_blank">Daten</a> | <a href="https://www.dell.com/support/article/us/en/19/sln307174/dell-computers-tested-for-windows-10-s?lang=en" target="_blank">Dell</a> |
| <a href="https://www.epson.jp/support/misc/windows10s.htm" target="_blank">Epson</a> | <a href="https://exo.com.ar/actualizaciones-de-windows-10" target="_blank">EXO</a> | <a href="https://www.fujitsu.com/au/products/computing/pc/microsoft/s-compatible/" target="_blank">Fujitsu</a> |
| <a href="https://apac.getac.com/support/windows10s.html" target="_blank">Getac</a> | <a href="https://compaq.com.br/sistemas-compativeis-com-windows-10-s.html" target="_blank">Global K</a> | <a href="https://www.onda.cn/SearchDetails.aspx?id=1654" target="_blank">Guangzhou</a> |
| <a href="https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/c05588871" target="_blank">HP</a> | <a href="https://consumer.huawei.com/cn/support/notice/detail/index.htm?id=1541" target="_blank">Huawei</a> | <a href="https://www.i-life.us/not-available/" target="_blank">I Life</a> |
| <a href="https://www.inet-tek.com/en/product-qadetail-86.html" target="_blank">iNET</a> | <a href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/boards-and-kits/000025096.html" target="_blank">Intel</a> | <a href="https://irbis-digital.ru/support/podderzhka-windows-10-s/" target="_blank">LANIT Trading</a> |
| <a href="https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/solutions/ht504589" target="_blank">Lenovo</a> | <a href="https://www.lg.com/us/content/html/hq/windows10update/Win10S_UpdateInfo.html" target="_blank">LG</a> | <a href="https://www2.mouse-jp.co.jp/ssl/user_support2/info.asp?N_ID=361" target="_blank">MCJ</a> |
| <a href="https://support.linxtablets.com/WindowsSupport/Articles/Windows_10_S_Supported_Devices.aspx" target="_blank">Micro P/Exertis</a> | <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/help/4094045/surface-devices-that-work-with-windows-10-s" target="_blank">Microsoft</a> | <a href="https://www.msi.com/Landing/Win10S" target="_blank">MSI</a> |
| <a href="https://panasonic.net/cns/pc/Windows10S/" target="_blank">Panasonic</a> | <a href="https://www.bangho.com.ar/windows10s" target="_blank">PC Arts</a> | <a href="https://www.positivoinformatica.com.br/atualizacao-windows-10" target="_blank">Positivo SA</a> |
| <a href="https://www.br.vaio.com/atualizacao-windows-10/" target="_blank">Positivo da Bahia</a> | <a href="https://www.samsung.com/us/support/windows10s/" target="_blank">Samsung</a> | <a href="https://www.teclast.com/zt/aboutwin10s/" target="_blank">Teclast</a> |
| <a href="https://www.dospara.co.jp/support/share.php?contents=about_windows10s" target="_blank">Thirdwave</a> | <a href="https://www.tongfangpc.com/service/win10.aspx" target="_blank">Tongfang</a> | <a href="https://win10upgrade.toshiba.com/win10s/information?region=TAIS&country=US&lang=en" target="_blank">Toshiba</a> |
| <a href="https://www.trekstor.de/windows-10-s-en.html" target="_blank">Trekstor</a> | <a href="https://www.trigem.co.kr/windows/win10S.html" target="_blank">Trigem</a> | <a href="https://us.vaio.com/support/knowledge-base/windows-10-s-compatibility-information/" target="_blank">Vaio</a> |
| <a href="https://www.wortmann.de/en-gb/content/+windows-10-s-supportinformation/windows-10-s-supportinformation.aspx" target="_blank">Wortmann</a> | <a href="https://www.yifangdigital.com/Customerservice/win10s.aspx" target="_blank">Yifang</a> | |
> [!NOTE]
> If you don't see any device listed on the manufacturer's web site, check back again later as more devices get added in the future.
## Kept files ## Kept files
@ -110,12 +88,13 @@ Back up all your data before installing Windows 10 in S mode. Only personal file
## Domain join ## Domain join
Windows 10 in S mode doesn't support non-Azure Active Directory domain accounts. Before installing Windows 10 in S mode, you must have at least one of these administrator accounts: Windows 10 in S mode doesn't support non-Azure Active Directory domain accounts. Before installing Windows 10 in S mode, you must have at least one of these administrator accounts:
- Local administrator - Local administrator
- Microsoft account administrator - Microsoft account administrator
- Azure Active Directory administrator - Azure Active Directory administrator
> [!WARNING] > [!WARNING]
> If you don't have one of these administrator accounts accessible before migration, you'll not be able to log in to your device after migrating to Windows 10 in S mode. > If you don't have one of these administrator accounts accessible before migration, you'll not be able to sign in to your device after migrating to Windows 10 in S mode.
We recommend [creating a recovery drive](#create-a-recovery-drive) before migrating to Windows 10 in S mode in case you run into this issue. We recommend [creating a recovery drive](#create-a-recovery-drive) before migrating to Windows 10 in S mode in case you run into this issue.
@ -126,35 +105,39 @@ After installing Windows 10 in S mode, use the free [Set up School PCs app](use-
## Switch to previously installed Windows 10 editions ## Switch to previously installed Windows 10 editions
If Windows 10 in S mode isn't right for you, you can switch to the Windows 10 edition previously installed on your device(s). If Windows 10 in S mode isn't right for you, you can switch to the Windows 10 edition previously installed on your device(s).
* Education customers can switch devices to Windows 10 Pro Education using the Microsoft Store for Education. For more information, see [Switch to Windows 10 Pro Education from Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 in S mode](change-to-pro-education.md).
* If you try Windows 10 in S mode and decide to switch back to the previously installed edition within 10 days, you can go back to the previously installed edition using the Windows Recovery option in Settings. For more info, see [Go back to your previous edition of Windows 10](#go-back-to-your-previous-edition-of-windows-10). - Education customers can switch devices to Windows 10 Pro Education using the Microsoft Store for Education. For more information, see [Switch to Windows 10 Pro Education from Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 in S mode](change-to-pro-education.md).
- If you try Windows 10 in S mode and decide to switch back to the previously installed edition within 10 days, you can go back to the previously installed edition using the Windows Recovery option in Settings. For more info, see [Go back to your previous edition of Windows 10](#go-back-to-your-previous-edition-of-windows-10).
## Device recovery ## Device recovery
Before installing Windows 10 in S mode, we recommend that you create a system backup in case you would like to return to Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 Pro Education after trying Windows 10 in S mode. Before installing Windows 10 in S mode, we recommend that you create a system backup in case you would like to return to Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 Pro Education after trying Windows 10 in S mode.
### Create a recovery drive ### Create a recovery drive
To create a recovery drive, follow these steps. To create a recovery drive, follow these steps.
1. From the taskbar, search for **Create a recovery drive** and then select it. You might be asked to enter an admin password or confirm your choice. 1. From the taskbar, search for **Create a recovery drive** and then select it. You might be asked to enter an admin password or confirm your choice.
2. In the **Recovery drive** tool, make sure **Back up system files to the recovery drive** is selected and then click **Next**. 2. In the **Recovery drive** tool, make sure **Back up system files to the recovery drive** is selected and then select **Next**.
3. Connect a USB drive to your PC, select it, and then select **Next > Create**. 3. Connect a USB drive to your PC, select it, and then select **Next > Create**.
Many files need to be copied to the recovery drive; so this process might take a while. Many files need to be copied to the recovery drive; so this process might take a while.
4. When it's done, you might see a **Delete the recovery partition from your PC** link on the final screen. If you want to free up drive space on your PC, select the link and then select **Delete**. If not, select **Finish**. 4. When it's done, you might see a **Delete the recovery partition from your PC** link on the final screen. If you want to free up drive space on your PC, select the link, and then select **Delete**. If not, select **Finish**.
### Go back to your previous edition of Windows 10 ### Go back to your previous edition of Windows 10
Alternatively, for 10 days after you install Windows 10 in S mode, you've the option to go back to your previous edition of Windows 10 from **Settings > Update & security > Recovery**. This revert operation will keep your personal files, but it will remove installed apps and any changes you made to **Settings**. Alternatively, for 10 days after you install Windows 10 in S mode, you can go back to your previous edition of Windows 10 from **Settings > Update & security > Recovery**. This revert operation will keep your personal files, but it will remove installed apps and any changes you made to **Settings**.
To go back, you need to: To go back, you need to:
* Keep everything in the windows.old and $windows.~bt folders after the upgrade.
* Remove any user accounts you added after the upgrade. - Keep everything in the `windows.old` and `$windows.~bt` folders after the upgrade.
- Remove any user accounts you added after the upgrade.
If going back isn't available: If going back isn't available:
* Check if you can restore your PC to factory settings. This restoration will reinstall the version of Windows that came with your PC and remove personal files, apps, and drivers you installed and any changes you made to **Settings**. Go to **Settings > Update & security > Recovery > Reset this PC > Get started** and look for **Restore factory settings**.
* If you've a product key for your previous version of Windows, use the media creation tool to create installation media of your previous Windows 10 edition and use it to do a clean install. - Check if you can restore your PC to factory settings. This restoration will reinstall the version of Windows that came with your PC and remove personal files, apps, and drivers you installed and any changes you made to **Settings**. Go to **Settings > Update & security > Recovery > Reset this PC > Get started** and look for **Restore factory settings**.
- If you've a product key for your previous version of Windows, use the media creation tool. It can create installation media of your previous Windows 10 edition, and do a clean install.
After going back to your previous edition of Windows 10, you may receive the following message when launching Win32 apps: After going back to your previous edition of Windows 10, you may receive the following message when launching Win32 apps:
@ -168,14 +151,14 @@ If you see this message, follow these steps to stop receiving the message:
4. After restarting, in the **Choose an option** page, select **Troubleshoot**. 4. After restarting, in the **Choose an option** page, select **Troubleshoot**.
5. In the **Troubleshoot** page, select **Advanced options**, and in the **Advanced options** page select **UEFI Firmware Settings**. 5. In the **Troubleshoot** page, select **Advanced options**, and in the **Advanced options** page select **UEFI Firmware Settings**.
6. In the **UEFI Firmware Settings** page, select **Restart** to get to the device-specific UEFI/BIOS menu. 6. In the **UEFI Firmware Settings** page, select **Restart** to get to the device-specific UEFI/BIOS menu.
7. Once you've accessed UEFI, look for the menu item labeled **Security** or **Security Settings** and navigate to it. 7. Once you've accessed UEFI, look for the menu item labeled **Security** or **Security Settings**, and navigate to it.
8. Look for an option called **Secure boot configuration**, **Secure boot**, or **UEFI Boot**. If you can't find one of these options, check the **Boot** menu. 8. Look for an option called **Secure boot configuration**, **Secure boot**, or **UEFI Boot**. If you can't find one of these options, check the **Boot** menu.
9. Disable the secure boot/UEFI boot option. 9. Disable the secure boot/UEFI boot option.
10. Save your settings and then exit UEFI. This exit action will restart your PC. 10. Save your settings and then exit UEFI. This exit action will restart your PC.
11. After Windows is done booting up, confirm that you no longer see the message. 11. After Windows is done booting up, confirm that you no longer see the message.
> [!NOTE] > [!NOTE]
> We recommend following these steps again to re-enable the **Secure boot configuration**, **Secure boot**, or **UEFI Boot** option, which you disabled in step 9, and then subsequently re-enable BitLocker (if you previously had this enabled). > We recommend following these steps again to re-enable the **Secure boot configuration**, **Secure boot**, or **UEFI Boot** option, which you disabled in step 9, and then subsequently re-enable BitLocker (if you previously had this enabled).
### Use installation media to reinstall Windows 10 ### Use installation media to reinstall Windows 10
@ -195,7 +178,7 @@ To use an installation media to reinstall Windows 10, follow these steps.
If you're not seeing the setup screen, your PC might not be set up to boot from a drive. Check your PC manufacturer's website for information on how to change your PC's boot order, and then try again. If you're not seeing the setup screen, your PC might not be set up to boot from a drive. Check your PC manufacturer's website for information on how to change your PC's boot order, and then try again.
8. Select **Install now**. 8. Select **Install now**.
9. On the **Enter the product key to active Windows** page, enter a product key if you've one. If you upgraded to Windows 10 for free, or bought and activated Windows 10 from the Microsoft Store, select **Skip** and Windows will automatically activate later. For more information, see [Activation in Windows 10](https://support.microsoft.com/help/12440/windows-10-activation). 9. On the **Enter the product key to active Windows** page, enter a product key if you've one. If you upgraded to Windows 10 for free, or bought and activated Windows 10 from the Microsoft Store, select **Skip** and Windows will automatically activate later. For more information, see [Activate Windows](https://support.microsoft.com/windows/activate-windows-c39005d4-95ee-b91e-b399-2820fda32227).
10. On the **License terms** page, select **I accept the license terms** if you agree, and then select **Next**. 10. On the **License terms** page, select **I accept the license terms** if you agree, and then select **Next**.
11. On the **Which type of installation do you want?** page, select **Custom**. 11. On the **Which type of installation do you want?** page, select **Custom**.
12. On the **where do you want to install Windows?** page, select a partition, select a formatting option (if necessary), and then follow the instructions. 12. On the **where do you want to install Windows?** page, select a partition, select a formatting option (if necessary), and then follow the instructions.
@ -203,45 +186,49 @@ To use an installation media to reinstall Windows 10, follow these steps.
14. Follow the rest of the setup instructions to finish installing Windows 10. 14. Follow the rest of the setup instructions to finish installing Windows 10.
## Download Windows 10 in S mode ## Download Windows 10 in S mode
Ready to test Windows 10 in S mode on your existing Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 Pro Education device? Make sure you read the [important pre-installation information](#important-information) and all the above information.
Ready to test Windows 10 in S mode on your existing Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 Pro Education device? Make sure you read the [important pre-installation information](#important-information) and all the above information.
When you're ready, you can download the Windows 10 in S mode installer by clicking the **Download installer** button below: When you're ready, you can download the Windows 10 in S mode installer by clicking the **Download installer** button below:
> [!div class="nextstepaction" style="center"] > [!div class="nextstepaction" style="center"]
> [Download installer](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=853240) > [Download installer](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=853240)
After you install Windows 10 in S mode, the OS defaults to the English version. To change the UI and show the localized UI, go to **Settings > Time & language > Region & language >** in **Languages** select **Add a language** to add a new language or select an existing language and set it as the default. After you install Windows 10 in S mode, the OS defaults to the English version. To change the UI and show the localized UI, go to **Settings > Time & language > Region & language >** in **Languages**, select **Add a language** to add a new language or select an existing language, and set it as the default.
## Terms and Conditions ## Terms and Conditions
Because you’re installing Windows 10 in S mode on a running version of Windows 10, you've already accepted the Windows 10 Terms and Conditions. you'ren't required to accept it again and the Windows 10 installer doesn’t show a Terms and Conditions page during installation.
## Support Because you're installing Windows 10 in S mode on a running version of Windows 10, you've already accepted the Windows 10 Terms and Conditions. you'ren't required to accept it again and the Windows 10 installer doesn't show a Terms and Conditions page during installation.
Thank you for testing Windows 10 in S mode. Your best experience will be running on a supported device as mentioned above. However, we invite you to try Windows 10 in S mode on existing devices with an eligible operating system. If you're having difficulty installing or running Windows 10 in S mode, use the Windows **Feedback Hub** to report your experience to Microsoft. This feedback is the best way to help improve Windows 10 in S mode with your feedback.
## Support
Thank you for testing Windows 10 in S mode. Your best experience will be running on a supported device as mentioned above. However, we invite you to try Windows 10 in S mode on existing devices with an eligible operating system. If you're having difficulty installing or running Windows 10 in S mode, use the Windows **Feedback Hub** to report your experience to Microsoft. This feedback is the best way to help improve Windows 10 in S mode with your feedback.
Common support questions for the Windows 10 in S mode test program: Common support questions for the Windows 10 in S mode test program:
* **How do I activate if I don't have a Windows 10 in S mode product key?** ### How do I activate if I don't have a Windows 10 in S mode product key?
As stated above, devices running Windows 10 Pro, Windows 10 Pro Education, Windows 10 Education, or Windows 10 Enterprise can install and run Windows 10 in S mode and it will automatically activate. Testing Windows 10 in S mode on a device running Windows 10 Home isn't recommended and supported at this time. As stated above, devices running Windows 10 Pro, Windows 10 Pro Education, Windows 10 Education, or Windows 10 Enterprise can install and run Windows 10 in S mode and it will automatically activate. Testing Windows 10 in S mode on a device running Windows 10 Home isn't recommended and supported at this time.
* **Will my OEM help me run Windows 10 in S mode?** ### Will my OEM help me run Windows 10 in S mode?
OEMs typically only support their devices with the operating system that was pre-installed. See [Supported devices](#supported-devices) for OEM devices that are best suited for testing Windows 10 in S mode. When testing Windows 10 in S mode, be ready to restore your own PC back to factory settings without assistance. Steps to return to your previous installation of Windows 10 are covered above. OEMs typically only support their devices with the operating system that was pre-installed. See [Supported devices](#supported-devices) for OEM devices that are best suited for testing Windows 10 in S mode. When testing Windows 10 in S mode, be ready to restore your own PC back to factory settings without assistance. Steps to return to your previous installation of Windows 10 are covered above.
* **What happens when I run Reset or Fresh Start on Windows 10 in S mode?** ### What happens when I run Reset or Fresh Start on Windows 10 in S mode?
**Reset** or **Fresh Start** will operate correctly and keep you on Windows 10 in S mode. They also remove the 10-day go back ability. See [Switch to previously installed Windows 10 editions](#switch-to-previously-installed-windows-10-editions) to return to your previous installation of Windows 10 if you wish to discontinue using Windows 10 in S mode. **Reset** or **Fresh Start** will operate correctly and keep you on Windows 10 in S mode. They also remove the 10-day go back ability. See [Switch to previously installed Windows 10 editions](#switch-to-previously-installed-windows-10-editions) to return to your previous installation of Windows 10 if you wish to discontinue using Windows 10 in S mode.
* **What if I want to move from Windows 10 in S mode to Windows 10 Pro?** ### What if I want to move from Windows 10 in S mode to Windows 10 Pro?
If you want to discontinue using Windows 10 in S mode, follow the instructions to return to your previous installation of Windows 10. If you already had Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 Pro Education on the device you're testing on, you should be able to move to Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 Pro Education at no charge with the instructions in this document. Otherwise, there may be a cost to acquire a Windows 10 Pro license in the Store. If you want to discontinue using Windows 10 in S mode, follow the instructions to return to your previous installation of Windows 10. If you already had Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 Pro Education on the device you're testing on, you should be able to move to Windows 10 Pro or Windows 10 Pro Education at no charge with the instructions in this document. Otherwise, there may be a cost to acquire a Windows 10 Pro license in the Store.
For help with activation issues, click on the appropriate link below for support options. For help with activation issues, select the appropriate link below for support options.
* For Volume Licensing Agreement or Shape the Future program customers, go to the [Microsoft Commercial Support](https://support.microsoft.com/gp/commercialsupport) website and select the country/region in which you're seeking commercial support to contact our commercial support team.
* If you don't have a Volume Licensing Agreement, go to the [Microsoft Support](https://support.microsoft.com/contactus/) website and choose a support option. - For Volume Licensing Agreement or Shape the Future program customers, go to the [Microsoft Commercial Support](https://support.microsoft.com/gp/commercialsupport) website and select the country/region in which you're seeking commercial support to contact our commercial support team.
- If you don't have a Volume Licensing Agreement, go to the [Microsoft Support](https://support.microsoft.com/contactus/) website and choose a support option.
<p> <p>
<a name="footnote1"></a><sup>1</sup> <small>Internet access fees may apply.</small><br/> <a name="footnote1"></a><sup>1</sup> <small>Internet access fees may apply.</small><br/>
<a name="footnote2"></a><sup>2</sup> <small>Devices must be configured for educational use by applying <strong><a href="/education/windows/configure-windows-for-education#setedupolicies" data-raw-source="[SetEduPolicies](./configure-windows-for-education.md#setedupolicies)">SetEduPolicies</a></strong> using the Set up School PCs app.</small><br/> <a name="footnote2"></a><sup>2</sup> <small>Devices must be configured for educational use by applying <strong><a href="/education/windows/configure-windows-for-education#setedupolicies" data-raw-source="[SetEduPolicies](./configure-windows-for-education.md#setedupolicies)">SetEduPolicies</a></strong> using the Setup School PCs app.</small><br/>
</p> </p>

114
windows/security/identity-protection/credential-guard/credential-guard-known-issues.md
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@ -12,46 +12,56 @@ ms.date: 01/26/2022
ms.reviewer: ms.reviewer:
--- ---
# Windows Defender Credential Guard: Known issues # Windows Defender Credential Guard: Known issues
**Applies to** **Applies to**
- Windows 10 - Windows 10
- Windows 11 - Windows 11
- Windows Server 2016 - Windows Server 2016
- Windows Server 2019 - Windows Server 2019
Windows Defender Credential Guard has certain application requirements. Windows Defender Credential Guard blocks specific authentication capabilities. So applications that require such capabilities won't function when it's enabled. For more information, see [Application requirements](/windows/access-protection/credential-guard/credential-guard-requirements#application-requirements).
The following known issue has been fixed in the [Cumulative Security Update for November 2017](https://support.microsoft.com/help/4051033): Windows Defender Credential Guard has certain application requirements. Windows Defender Credential Guard blocks specific authentication capabilities. So applications that require such capabilities won't function when it's enabled. For more information, see [Application requirements](credential-guard-requirements.md#application-requirements).
- Scheduled tasks with domain user-stored credentials fail to run when Credential Guard is enabled. The task fails and reports Event ID 104 with the following message: <br> The following known issues have been fixed in the [Cumulative Security Update for November 2017](https://support.microsoft.com/topic/november-27-2017-kb4051033-os-build-14393-1914-447b6b88-e75d-0a24-9ab9-5dcda687aaf4):
"Task Scheduler failed to log on ‘\Test’. <br>
Failure occurred in ‘LogonUserExEx’. <br> - Scheduled tasks with domain user-stored credentials fail to run when Credential Guard is enabled. The task fails and reports Event ID 104 with the following message:
User Action: Ensure the credentials for the task are correctly specified. <br>
Additional Data: Error Value: 2147943726. 2147943726: ERROR\_LOGON\_FAILURE (The user name or password is incorrect)." ```console
- When enabling NTLM audit on the domain controller, an Event ID 8004 with an indecipherable username format is logged. You also get a similar user name in a user logon failure event 4625 with error 0xC0000064 on the machine itself. For example: Task Scheduler failed to log on '\Test'.
> Log Name: Microsoft-Windows-NTLM/Operational Failure occurred in 'LogonUserExEx'.
Source: Microsoft-Windows-Security-Netlogon User Action: Ensure the credentials for the task are correctly specified.
Event ID: 8004 Additional Data: Error Value: 2147943726. 2147943726: ERROR\_LOGON\_FAILURE (The user name or password is incorrect).
Task Category: Auditing NTLM ```
Level: Information
Description: - When you enable NTLM audit on the domain controller, an Event ID 8004 with an indecipherable username format is logged. You also get a similar user name in a user logon failure event 4625 with error 0xC0000064 on the machine itself. For example:
Domain Controller Blocked Audit: Audit NTLM authentication to this domain controller.
Secure Channel name: \<Secure Channel Name> ```console
User name: Log Name: Microsoft-Windows-NTLM/Operational
@@CyBAAAAUBQYAMHArBwUAMGAoBQZAQGA1BAbAUGAyBgOAQFAhBwcAsGA6AweAgDA2AQQAMEAwAANAgDA1AQLAIEADBQRAADAtAANAYEA1AwQA0CA5AAOAMEAyAQLAYDAxAwQAEDAEBwMAMEAwAgMAMDACBgRA0HA Source: Microsoft-Windows-Security-Netlogon
Event ID: 8004
Task Category: Auditing NTLM
Level: Information
Description:
Domain Controller Blocked Audit: Audit NTLM authentication to this domain controller.
Secure Channel name: <Secure Channel Name>
User name:
@@CyBAAAAUBQYAMHArBwUAMGAoBQZAQGA1BAbAUGAyBgOAQFAhBwcAsGA6AweAgDA2AQQAMEAwAANAgDA1AQLAIEADBQRAADAtAANAYEA1AwQA0CA5AAOAMEAyAQLAYDAxAwQAEDAEBwMAMEAwAgMAMDACBgRA0HA
Domain name: NULL Domain name: NULL
```
- This event stems from a scheduled task running under local user context with the [Cumulative Security Update for November 2017](https://support.microsoft.com/topic/november-27-2017-kb4051033-os-build-14393-1914-447b6b88-e75d-0a24-9ab9-5dcda687aaf4) or later and happens when Credential Guard is enabled.
- The username appears in an unusual format because local accounts aren’t protected by Credential Guard. The task also fails to execute. - This event stems from a scheduled task running under local user context with the [Cumulative Security Update for November 2017](https://support.microsoft.com/topic/november-27-2017-kb4051033-os-build-14393-1914-447b6b88-e75d-0a24-9ab9-5dcda687aaf4) or later and happens when Credential Guard is enabled.
- As a workaround, run the scheduled task under a domain user or the computer's SYSTEM account. - The username appears in an unusual format because local accounts aren't protected by Credential Guard. The task also fails to execute.
- As a workaround, run the scheduled task under a domain user or the computer's SYSTEM account.
The following known issues have been fixed by servicing releases made available in the Cumulative Security Updates for April 2017: The following known issues have been fixed by servicing releases made available in the Cumulative Security Updates for April 2017:
- [KB4015217 Windows Defender Credential Guard generates double bad password count on Active Directory domain-joined Windows machines](https://support.microsoft.com/help/4015217/windows-10-update-kb4015217) - [KB4015217 Windows Defender Credential Guard generates double bad password count on Active Directory domain-joined Windows machines](https://support.microsoft.com/topic/april-11-2017-kb4015217-os-build-14393-1066-and-14393-1083-b5f79067-98bd-b4ec-8b81-5d858d7dc722)
This issue can potentially lead to unexpected account lockouts. See also Microsoft® Knowledge Base articles [KB4015219](https://support.microsoft.com/help/4015219/windows-10-update-kb4015219) and [KB4015221](https://support.microsoft.com/help/4015221/windows-10-update-kb4015221) This issue can potentially lead to unexpected account lockouts. For more information, see the following support articles:
- [KB4015219](https://support.microsoft.com/topic/april-11-2017-kb4015219-os-build-10586-873-68b8e379-aafa-ea6c-6b29-56d19785e657)
- [KB4015221](https://support.microsoft.com/topic/april-11-2017-kb4015221-os-build-10240-17354-743f52bc-a484-d23f-71f5-b9957cbae0e6)
## Known issues involving third-party applications ## Known issues involving third-party applications
@ -59,61 +69,47 @@ The following issue affects MSCHAPv2:
- [Credential guard doesn't work with MSCHAPv2 configurations, of which Cisco ISE is a very popular enterprise implementation](https://quickview.cloudapps.cisco.com/quickview/bug/CSCul55352). - [Credential guard doesn't work with MSCHAPv2 configurations, of which Cisco ISE is a very popular enterprise implementation](https://quickview.cloudapps.cisco.com/quickview/bug/CSCul55352).
The following issue affects the Java GSS API. See the following Oracle bug database article: The following issue affects the Java GSS API. See the following Oracle bug database article:
- [JDK-8161921: Windows Defender Credential Guard doesn't allow sharing of TGT with Java](http://bugs.java.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=8161921) - [JDK-8161921: Windows Defender Credential Guard doesn't allow sharing of TGT with Java](http://bugs.java.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=8161921)
When Windows Defender Credential Guard is enabled on Windows, the Java GSS API won't authenticate. This is expected behavior because Windows Defender Credential Guard blocks specific application authentication capabilities and won't provide the TGT session key to applications regardless of registry key settings. For more information, see [Application requirements](/windows/access-protection/credential-guard/credential-guard-requirements#application-requirements). When Windows Defender Credential Guard is enabled on Windows, the Java GSS API won't authenticate. This is expected behavior because Windows Defender Credential Guard blocks specific application authentication capabilities and won't provide the TGT session key to applications regardless of registry key settings. For more information, see [Application requirements](credential-guard-requirements.md#application-requirements).
The following issue affects Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client: The following issue affects Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client:
- [Blue screen on Windows computers running Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity and Windows Defender Credential Guard with Cisco Anyconnect 4.3.04027](https://quickview.cloudapps.cisco.com/quickview/bug/CSCvc66692) \* - [Blue screen on Windows computers running Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity and Windows Defender Credential Guard with Cisco Anyconnect 4.3.04027](https://quickview.cloudapps.cisco.com/quickview/bug/CSCvc66692)
*Registration required to access this article.
The following issue affects McAfee Application and Change Control (MACC): The following issue affects McAfee Application and Change Control (MACC):
- [KB88869 Windows machines exhibit high CPU usage with McAfee Application and Change Control (MACC) installed when Windows Defender Credential Guard is enabled](https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=KB88869) <sup>[1]</sup>
The following issue affects AppSense Environment Manager. - [KB88869 Windows machines exhibit high CPU usage with McAfee Application and Change Control (MACC) installed when Windows Defender Credential Guard is enabled](https://kcm.trellix.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=KB88869) <sup>[Note 1](#bkmk_note1)</sup>
For more information, see the following Knowledge Base article:
- [Installing AppSense Environment Manager on Windows machines causes LSAISO.exe to exhibit high CPU usage when Windows Defender Credential Guard is enabled](http://www.appsense.com/kb/160525073917945) <sup>[1]</sup> \**
The following issue affects Citrix applications: The following issue affects Citrix applications:
- Windows machines exhibit high CPU usage with Citrix applications installed when Windows Defender Credential Guard is enabled. <sup>[1]</sup>
<sup>[1]</sup> Products that connect to Virtualization Based Security (VBS) protected processes can cause Windows Defender Credential Guard-enabled Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2016, or Windows Server 2019 machines to exhibit high CPU usage. For technical and troubleshooting information, see the following Microsoft Knowledge Base article: - Windows machines exhibit high CPU usage with Citrix applications installed when Windows Defender Credential Guard is enabled. <sup>[Note 1](#bkmk_note1)</sup>
- [KB4032786 High CPU usage in the LSAISO process on Windows](/troubleshoot/windows-client/performance/lsaiso-process-high-cpu-usage) <a name="bkmk_note1"></a>
For further technical information on LSAISO.exe, see the MSDN article: [Isolated User Mode (IUM) Processes](/windows/win32/procthread/isolated-user-mode--ium--processes)
\** Registration is required to access this article.
> [!NOTE]
> **Note 1**: Products that connect to Virtualization Based Security (VBS) protected processes can cause Windows Defender Credential Guard-enabled Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2016, or Windows Server 2019 machines to exhibit high CPU usage. For technical and troubleshooting information, see [KB4032786 High CPU usage in the LSAISO process on Windows](/troubleshoot/windows-client/performance/lsaiso-process-high-cpu-usage).
>
> For more technical information on LSAISO.exe, see [Isolated User Mode (IUM) Processes](/windows/win32/procthread/isolated-user-mode--ium--processes).
## Vendor support ## Vendor support
See the following article on Citrix support for Secure Boot: For more information on Citrix support for Secure Boot, see [Citrix Support for Secure Boot](https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2016/12/08/windows-server-2016-hyper-v-secure-boot-support-now-available-in-xenapp-7-12/)
- [Citrix Support for Secure Boot](https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2016/12/08/windows-server-2016-hyper-v-secure-boot-support-now-available-in-xenapp-7-12/)
Windows Defender Credential Guard isn't supported by either these products, products versions, computer systems, or Windows 10 versions: Windows Defender Credential Guard isn't supported by the following products, products versions, computer systems, or Windows 10 versions:
- For Windows Defender Credential Guard on Windows with McAfee Encryption products, see: - [Support for Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity and Windows Defender Credential Guard on Windows with McAfee encryption products](https://kcm.trellix.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=KB86009KB86009)
[Support for Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity and Windows Defender Credential Guard on Windows with McAfee encryption products](https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content&id=KB86009)
- For Windows Defender Credential Guard on Windows with Check Point Endpoint Security Client, see: - [Check Point Endpoint Security Client support for Microsoft Windows Defender Credential Guard and Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity features](https://supportcenter.checkpoint.com/supportcenter/portal?eventSubmit_doGoviewsolutiondetails=&solutionid=sk113912)
[Check Point Endpoint Security Client support for Microsoft Windows Defender Credential Guard and Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity features](https://supportcenter.checkpoint.com/supportcenter/portal?eventSubmit_doGoviewsolutiondetails=&solutionid=sk113912)
- For Windows Defender Credential Guard on Windows with VMWare Workstation - ["VMware Workstation and Device/Credential Guard are not compatible" error in VMware Workstation on Windows 10 host (2146361)](https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/2146361)
[Windows host fails when running VMWare Workstation when Windows Defender Credential Guard is enabled](https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=2146361)
- For Windows Defender Credential Guard on Windows with specific versions of the Lenovo ThinkPad - [ThinkPad support for Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity and Windows Defender Credential Guard in Microsoft Windows](https://support.lenovo.com/in/en/solutions/ht503039)
[ThinkPad support for Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity and Windows Defender Credential Guard in Microsoft Windows – ThinkPad](https://support.lenovo.com/in/en/solutions/ht503039)
- For Windows Defender Credential Guard on Windows with Symantec Endpoint Protection - [Windows devices with Windows Defender Credential Guard and Symantec Endpoint Protection 12.1](https://www.symantec.com/connect/forums/windows-10-device-guard-credentials-guard-and-sep-121)
[Windows devices with Windows Defender Credential Guard and Symantec Endpoint Protection 12.1](https://www.symantec.com/connect/forums/windows-10-device-guard-credentials-guard-and-sep-121)
This isn't a comprehensive list. Check whether your product vendor, product version, or computer system, supports Windows Defender Credential Guard on systems that run Windows or specific versions of Windows. Specific computer system models may be incompatible with Windows Defender Credential Guard. This list isn't comprehensive. Check whether your product vendor, product version, or computer system supports Windows Defender Credential Guard on systems that run Windows or specific versions of Windows. Specific computer system models may be incompatible with Windows Defender Credential Guard.
Microsoft encourages third-party vendors to contribute to this page by providing relevant product support information and by adding links to their own product support statements. Microsoft encourages third-party vendors to contribute to this page by providing relevant product support information and by adding links to their own product support statements.

435
windows/security/identity-protection/hello-for-business/hello-how-it-works-technology.md
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
--- ---
title: How Windows Hello for Business works - Technology and Terms title: How Windows Hello for Business works - technology and terms
description: Explore technology and terms associated with Windows Hello for Business. Learn how Windows Hello for Business works. description: Explore technology and terms associated with Windows Hello for Business. Learn how Windows Hello for Business works.
ms.prod: m365-security ms.prod: m365-security
author: GitPrakhar13 author: GitPrakhar13
@ -11,275 +11,340 @@ localizationpriority: medium
ms.date: 10/08/2018 ms.date: 10/08/2018
ms.reviewer: ms.reviewer:
--- ---
# Technology and Terms
# Technology and terms
**Applies to:** **Applies to:**
- Windows 10 - Windows 10
- Windows 11 - Windows 11
- [Attestation Identity Keys](#attestation-identity-keys) ## Attestation identity keys
- [Azure AD Joined](#azure-ad-joined)
- [Azure AD Registered](#azure-ad-registered)
- [Certificate Trust](#certificate-trust)
- [Cloud Deployment](#cloud-deployment)
- [Cloud Experience Host](#cloud-experience-host)
- [Deployment Type](#deployment-type)
- [Endorsement Key](#endorsement-key)
- [Federated Environment](#federated-environment)
- [Hybrid Azure AD Joined](#hybrid-azure-ad-joined)
- [Hybrid Deployment](#hybrid-deployment)
- [Join Type](#join-type)
- [Key Trust](#key-trust)
- [Managed Environment](#managed-environment)
- [On-premises Deployment](#on-premises-deployment)
- [Pass-through Authentication](#pass-through-authentication)
- [Password Hash Synchronization](#password-hash-sync)
- [Primary Refresh Token](#primary-refresh-token)
- [Storage Root Key](#storage-root-key)
- [Trust Type](#trust-type)
- [Trusted Platform Module](#trusted-platform-module)
<hr>
## Attestation Identity Keys Because the endorsement certificate is unique for each device and doesn't change, the usage of it may present privacy concerns because it's theoretically possible to track a specific device. To avoid this privacy problem, Windows issues a derived attestation anchor based on the endorsement certificate. This intermediate key, which can be attested to an endorsement key, is the Attestation Identity Key (AIK) and the corresponding certificate is called the AIK certificate. This AIK certificate is issued by a Microsoft cloud service.
Because the endorsement certificate is unique for each device and does not change, the usage of it may present privacy concerns because it's theoretically possible to track a specific device. To avoid this privacy problem, Windows issues a derived attestation anchor based on the endorsement certificate. This intermediate key, which can be attested to an endorsement key, is the Attestation Identity Key (AIK) and the corresponding certificate is called the AIK certificate. This AIK certificate is issued by a Microsoft cloud service.
> [!NOTE] > [!NOTE]
> The AIK certificate must be provisioned in conjunction with a third-party service like the Microsoft Cloud CA service. After it is provisioned, the AIK private key can be used to report platform configuration. Windows creates a signature over the platform log state (and a monotonic counter value) at each boot by using the AIK. > The AIK certificate must be provisioned in conjunction with a third-party service like the Microsoft Cloud CA service. After it is provisioned, the AIK private key can be used to report platform configuration. Windows creates a signature over the platform log state (and a monotonic counter value) at each boot by using the AIK.
> The AIK is an asymmetric (public/private) key pair that is used as a substitute for the EK as an identity for the TPM for privacy purposes. The private portion of an AIK is never revealed or used outside the TPM and can only be used inside the TPM for a limited set of operations. Furthermore, it can only be used for signing, and only for limited, TPM-defined operations. > The AIK is an asymmetric (public/private) key pair that is used as a substitute for the EK as an identity for the TPM for privacy purposes. The private portion of an AIK is never revealed or used outside the TPM and can only be used inside the TPM for a limited set of operations. Furthermore, it can only be used for signing, and only for limited, TPM-defined operations.
Windows creates AIKs protected by the TPM, if available, that are 2048-bit RSA signing keys. Microsoft hosts a cloud service called Microsoft Cloud CA to establish cryptographically that it is communicating with a real TPM and that the TPM possesses the presented AIK. After the Microsoft Cloud CA service has established these facts, it will issue an AIK certificate to the Windows device. Windows creates AIKs protected by the TPM, if available, that are 2048-bit RSA signing keys. Microsoft hosts a cloud service called Microsoft Cloud CA to establish cryptographically that it's communicating with a real TPM and that the TPM possesses the presented AIK. After the Microsoft Cloud CA service has established these facts, it will issue an AIK certificate to the Windows device.
Many existing devices that will upgrade to Windows 10 will not have a TPM, or the TPM will not contain an endorsement certificate. **To accommodate those devices, Windows 10 or Windows 11 allows the issuance of AIK certificates without the presence of an endorsement certificate.** Such AIK certificates are not issued by Microsoft Cloud CA. Note that this is not as trustworthy as an endorsement certificate that is burned into the device during manufacturing, but it will provide compatibility for advanced scenarios like Windows Hello for Business without TPM. Many existing devices that will upgrade to Windows 10 won't have a TPM, or the TPM won't contain an endorsement certificate. **To accommodate those devices, Windows 10 or Windows 11 allows the issuance of AIK certificates without the presence of an endorsement certificate.** Such AIK certificates aren't issued by Microsoft Cloud CA. This behavior isn't as trustworthy as an endorsement certificate that is burned into the device during manufacturing, but it will provide compatibility for advanced scenarios like Windows Hello for Business without TPM.
In the issued AIK certificate, a special OID is added to attest that endorsement certificate was used during the attestation process. This information can be leveraged by a relying party to decide whether to reject devices that are attested using AIK certificates without an endorsement certificate or accept them. Another scenario can be to not allow access to high-value assets from devices that are attested by an AIK certificate that is not backed by an endorsement certificate. In the issued AIK certificate, a special OID is added to attest that endorsement certificate was used during the attestation process. This information can be used by a relying party to decide whether to reject devices that are attested using AIK certificates without an endorsement certificate or accept them. Another scenario can be to not allow access to high-value assets from devices that are attested by an AIK certificate that's not backed by an endorsement certificate.
### Related topics ### Related to attestation identity keys
[Endorsement Key](#endorsement-key), [Storage Root Key](#storage-root-key), [Trusted Platform Module](#trusted-platform-module)
### More information - [Endorsement key](#endorsement-key)
- [Windows Client Certificate Enrollment Protocol: Glossary](/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-wcce/719b890d-62e6-4322-b9b1-1f34d11535b4#gt_70efa425-6b46-462f-911d-d399404529ab) - [Storage root key](#storage-root-key)
- [TPM Library Specification](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/) - [Trusted platform module](#trusted-platform-module)
### More information about attestation identity keys
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) - [Windows client certificate enrollment protocol: glossary](/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-wcce/719b890d-62e6-4322-b9b1-1f34d11535b4#gt_70efa425-6b46-462f-911d-d399404529ab)
## Azure AD Joined - [TPM library specification](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/)
Azure AD Join is intended for organizations that desire to be cloud-first or cloud-only. There is no restriction on the size or type of organizations that can deploy Azure AD Join. Azure AD Join works well even in an hybrid environment and can enable access to on-premise applications and resources.
### Related topics
[Join Type](#join-type), [Hybrid Azure AD Joined](#hybrid-azure-ad-joined)
### More information ## Azure Active Directory join
- [Introduction to device management in Azure Active Directory](/azure/active-directory/device-management-introduction).
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) join is intended for organizations that desire to be cloud-first or cloud-only. There's no restriction on the size or type of organizations that can deploy Azure AD join. Azure AD join also works in a hybrid environment and can enable access to on-premises applications and resources.
## Azure AD Registered
The goal of Azure AD registered devices is to provide you with support for the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) scenario. In this scenario, a user can access your organization's Azure Active Directory controlled resources using a personal device.
### Related topics
[Azure AD Joined](#azure-ad-joined), [Hybrid Azure AD Joined](#hybrid-azure-ad-joined), [Join Type](#join-type)
### More information ### Related to Azure AD join
- [Introduction to device management in Azure Active Directory](/azure/active-directory/device-management-introduction)
- [Join type](#join-type)
- [Hybrid Azure AD join](#hybrid-azure-ad-join)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) ### More information about Azure AD join
## Certificate Trust
The certificate trust model uses a securely issued certificate based on the user's Windows Hello for Business identity to authenticate to on-premises Active Directory. The certificate trust model is supported in hybrid and on-premises deployments and is compatible with Windows Server 2008 R2 and later domain controllers.
### Related topics [Introduction to device identity in Azure AD](/azure/active-directory/devices/overview).
[Deployment Type](#deployment-type), [Hybrid Azure AD Joined](#hybrid-azure-ad-joined), [Hybrid Deployment](#hybrid-deployment), [Key Trust](#key-trust), [On-premises Deployment](#on-premises-deployment), [Trust Type](#trust-type)
### More information ## Azure AD registration
- [Windows Hello for Business Planning Guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) The goal of Azure AD-registered devices is to provide you with support for the _bring your own device_ (BYOD) scenario. In this scenario, a user can access your organization's Azure AD-controlled resources using a personal device.
## Cloud Deployment
The Windows Hello for Business Cloud deployment is exclusively for organizations using cloud-based identities and resources. Device management is accomplished using Intune or a modern management alternative. Cloud deployments use Azure AD joined or Azure AD registered device join types.
### Related topics ### Related to Azure AD registration
[Azure AD Joined](#azure-ad-joined), [Azure AD Registered](#azure-ad-registered), [Deployment Type](#deployment-type), [Join Type](#join-type)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) - [Azure AD join](#azure-active-directory-join)
## Cloud Experience Host - [Hybrid Azure AD join](#hybrid-azure-ad-join)
In Windows 10 and Windows 11, Cloud Experience Host is an application used while joining the workplace environment or Azure AD for rendering the experience when collecting your company-provided credentials. Once you enroll your device to your workplace environment or Azure AD, your organization will be able to manage your PC and collect information about you (including your location). It might add or remove apps or content, change settings, disable features, prevent you from removing your company account, or reset your PC. - [Join type](#join-type)
### Related topics ### More information about Azure AD registration
[Windows Hello for Business](./hello-identity-verification.md), [Managed Windows Hello in Organization](./hello-manage-in-organization.md)
### More information [Introduction to device identity in Azure AD](/azure/active-directory/devices/overview).
- [Windows Hello for Business and Device Registration](./hello-how-it-works-device-registration.md)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) ## Certificate trust
The certificate trust model uses a securely issued certificate based on the user's Windows Hello for Business identity to authenticate to on-premises Active Directory. The certificate trust model is supported in hybrid and on-premises deployments and is compatible with Windows Server 2008 R2 and later domain controllers.
### Related to certificate trust
- [Deployment type](#deployment-type)
- [Hybrid Azure AD join](#hybrid-azure-ad-join)
- [Hybrid deployment](#hybrid-deployment)
- [Key trust](#key-trust)
- [On-premises deployment](#on-premises-deployment)
- [Trust type](#trust-type)
### More information about certificate trust
[Windows Hello for Business planning guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
## Cloud deployment
The Windows Hello for Business cloud deployment is exclusively for organizations using cloud-based identities and resources. Device management is accomplished using Intune or a modern management alternative. Cloud deployments use Azure AD-joined or Azure AD-registered devices.
### Related to cloud deployment
- [Azure AD join](#azure-active-directory-join)
- [Azure AD registration](#azure-ad-registration)
- [Deployment type](#deployment-type)
- [Join type](#join-type)
## Cloud experience host
In Windows 10 and Windows 11, cloud experience host is an application used while joining the workplace environment or Azure AD for rendering the experience when collecting your company-provided credentials. Once you enroll your device to your workplace environment or Azure AD, your organization will be able to manage your PC and collect information about you (including your location). It might add or remove apps or content, change settings, disable features, prevent you from removing your company account, or reset your PC.
### Related to cloud experience host
- [Windows Hello for Business](./hello-identity-verification.md)
- [Managed Windows Hello in organization](./hello-manage-in-organization.md)
### More information on cloud experience host
[Windows Hello for Business and device registration](./hello-how-it-works-device-registration.md)
## Deployment type
Windows Hello for Business has three deployment models to accommodate the needs of different organizations. The three deployment models include:
## Deployment Type
Windows Hello for Business has three deployment models to accommodate the needs of different organizations. The three deployment models include:
- Cloud - Cloud
- Hybrid - Hybrid
- On-Premises - On-premises
### Related topics ### Related to deployment type
[Cloud Deployment](#cloud-deployment), [Hybrid Deployment](#hybrid-deployment), [On-premises Deployment](#on-premises-deployment)
### More information - [Cloud deployment](#cloud-deployment)
- [Windows Hello for Business Planning Guide](hello-planning-guide.md) - [Hybrid deployment](#hybrid-deployment)
- [On-premises deployment](#on-premises-deployment)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) ### More information about deployment type
## Endorsement Key
[Windows Hello for Business planning guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
## Endorsement key
The TPM has an embedded unique cryptographic key called the endorsement key. The TPM endorsement key is a pair of asymmetric keys (RSA size 2048 bits). The TPM has an embedded unique cryptographic key called the endorsement key. The TPM endorsement key is a pair of asymmetric keys (RSA size 2048 bits).
The endorsement key public key is generally used for sending securely sensitive parameters, such as when taking possession of the TPM that contains the defining hash of the owner password. The EK private key is used when creating secondary keys like AIKs. The endorsement key public key is used for sending securely sensitive parameters, such as when taking possession of the TPM that contains the defining hash of the owner password. The EK private key is used when creating secondary keys like AIKs.
The endorsement key acts as an identity card for the TPM. The endorsement key acts as an identity card for the TPM.
The endorsement key is often accompanied by one or two digital certificates: The endorsement key is often accompanied by one or two digital certificates:
- One certificate is produced by the TPM manufacturer and is called the **endorsement certificate**. The endorsement certificate is used to prove the authenticity of the TPM (for example, that it's a real TPM manufactured by a specific chip maker) to local processes, applications, or cloud services. The endorsement certificate is created during manufacturing or the first time the TPM is initialized by communicating with an online service. - One certificate is produced by the TPM manufacturer and is called the **endorsement certificate**. The endorsement certificate is used to prove the authenticity of the TPM (for example, that it's a real TPM manufactured by a specific chip maker) to local processes, applications, or cloud services. The endorsement certificate is created during manufacturing or the first time the TPM is initialized by communicating with an online service.
- The other certificate is produced by the platform builder and is called the **platform certificate** to indicate that a specific TPM is integrated with a certain device.
- The other certificate is produced by the platform builder and is called the **platform certificate** to indicate that a specific TPM is integrated with a certain device.
For certain devices that use firmware-based TPM produced by Intel or Qualcomm, the endorsement certificate is created when the TPM is initialized during the OOBE of Windows 10 and Windows 11. For certain devices that use firmware-based TPM produced by Intel or Qualcomm, the endorsement certificate is created when the TPM is initialized during the OOBE of Windows 10 and Windows 11.
### Related topics ### Related to endorsement key
[Attestation Identity Keys](#attestation-identity-keys), [Storage Root Key](#storage-root-key), [Trusted Platform Module](#trusted-platform-module)
### More information - [Attestation identity keys](#attestation-identity-keys)
- [Understand the TPM endorsement key](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/cc770443(v=ws.11)). - [Storage root key](#storage-root-key)
- [TPM Library Specification](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/) - [Trusted platform module](#trusted-platform-module)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) ### More information about endorsement key
## Federated Environment
Primarily for large enterprise organizations with more complex authentication requirements, on-premises directory objects are synchronized with Azure Active Directory and users accounts are managed on-premises. With AD FS, users have the same password on-premises and in the cloud and they do not have to sign in again to use Office 365 or other Azure-based applications. This federated authentication model can provide additional authentication requirements, such as smart card-based authentication or a third-party multi-factor authentication and is typically required when organizations have an authentication requirement not natively supported by Azure AD.
### Related topics - [Understand the TPM endorsement key](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/cc770443(v=ws.11))
[Hybrid Deployment](#hybrid-deployment), [Managed Environment](#managed-environment), [Pass-through authentication](#pass-through-authentication), [Password Hash Sync](#password-hash-sync) - [TPM library specification](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/)
### More information ## Federated environment
- [Choosing the right authentication method for your Azure Active Directory hybrid identity solution](/azure/active-directory/hybrid/choose-ad-authn)
Primarily for large enterprise organizations with more complex authentication requirements, on-premises directory objects are synchronized with Azure AD and users accounts are managed on-premises. With AD FS, users have the same password on-premises and in the cloud and they don't have to sign in again to use Office 365 or other Azure-based applications. This federated authentication model can provide extra authentication requirements, such as smart card-based authentication or a third-party multi-factor authentication and is typically required when organizations have an authentication requirement not natively supported by Azure AD.
### Related to federated environment
- [Hybrid deployment](#hybrid-deployment)
- [Managed environment](#managed-environment)
- [Pass-through authentication](#pass-through-authentication)
- [Password hash sync](#password-hash-sync)
### More information about federated environment
[Choose the right authentication method for your Azure AD hybrid identity solution](/azure/active-directory/hybrid/choose-ad-authn)
## Hybrid Azure AD join
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md)
## Hybrid Azure AD Joined
For more than a decade, many organizations have used the domain join to their on-premises Active Directory to enable: For more than a decade, many organizations have used the domain join to their on-premises Active Directory to enable:
- IT departments to manage work-owned devices from a central location. - IT departments to manage work-owned devices from a central location.
- Users to sign in to their devices with their Active Directory work or school accounts. - Users to sign in to their devices with their Active Directory work or school accounts.
Typically, organizations with an on-premises footprint rely on imaging methods to provision devices, and they often use or group policy (GP) to manage them.
If your environment has an on-premises AD footprint and you also want benefit from the capabilities provided by Azure Active Directory, you can implement hybrid Azure AD-joined devices. These are devices that are both, joined to your on-premises Active Directory and your Azure Active Directory. Typically, organizations with an on-premises footprint rely on imaging methods to provision devices, and they often use or group policy to manage them.
### Related topics If your environment has an on-premises AD footprint and you also want benefit from the capabilities provided by Azure AD, you can implement hybrid Azure AD-joined devices. These devices are joined to both your on-premises Active Directory and your Azure AD.
[Azure AD Joined](#azure-ad-joined), [Azure AD Registered](#azure-ad-registered), [Hybrid Deployment](#hybrid-deployment)
### More information ### Related to hybrid Azure AD join
- [Introduction to device management in Azure Active Directory](/azure/active-directory/device-management-introduction)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) - [Azure AD join](#azure-active-directory-join)
## Hybrid Deployment - [Azure AD registration](#azure-ad-registration)
The Windows Hello for Business hybrid deployment is for organizations that have both on-premises and cloud resources that are accessed using a managed or federated identity that is synchronized with Azure Active Directory. Hybrid deployments support devices that are Azure AD registered, Azure AD joined, and hybrid Azure AD joined. The Hybrid deployment model supports two trust types for on-premises authentication, key trust and certificate trust. - [Hybrid deployment](#hybrid-deployment)
### Related topics ### More information about hybrid Azure AD join
[Azure AD Joined](#azure-ad-joined), [Azure AD Registered](#azure-ad-registered), [Hybrid Azure AD Joined](#hybrid-azure-ad-joined),
### More information [Introduction to device identity in Azure AD](/azure/active-directory/devices/overview)
- [Windows Hello for Business Planning Guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
## Hybrid deployment
The Windows Hello for Business hybrid deployment is for organizations that have both on-premises and cloud resources that are accessed using a managed or federated identity that's synchronized with Azure AD. Hybrid deployments support devices that are Azure AD-registered, Azure AD-joined, and hybrid Azure AD-joined. The Hybrid deployment model supports two trust types for on-premises authentication, key trust and certificate trust.
### Related to hybrid deployment
- [Azure AD join](#azure-active-directory-join)
- [Azure AD registration](#azure-ad-registration)
- [Hybrid Azure AD join](#hybrid-azure-ad-join)
### More information about hybrid deployment
[Windows Hello for Business planning guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md)
## Join type ## Join type
Join type is how devices are associated with Azure Active Directory. For a device to authenticate to Azure Active Directory it must be registered or joined.
Join type is how devices are associated with Azure AD. For a device to authenticate to Azure AD it must be registered or joined.
Registering a device to Azure AD enables you to manage a device's identity. When a device is registered, Azure AD device registration provides the device with an identity that is used to authenticate the device when a user signs-in to Azure AD. You can use the identity to enable or disable a device. Registering a device to Azure AD enables you to manage a device's identity. When a device is registered, Azure AD device registration provides the device with an identity that is used to authenticate the device when a user signs-in to Azure AD. You can use the identity to enable or disable a device.
When combined with a mobile device management(MDM) solution such as Microsoft Intune, the device attributes in Azure AD are updated with additional information about the device. This allows you to create conditional access rules that enforce access from devices to meet your standards for security and compliance. For more information on enrolling devices in Microsoft Intune, see Enroll devices for management in Intune . When combined with a mobile device management (MDM) solution such as Microsoft Intune, the device attributes in Azure AD are updated with additional information about the device. This behavior allows you to create conditional access rules that enforce access from devices to meet your standards for security and compliance. For more information on enrolling devices in Microsoft Intune, see Enroll devices for management in Intune.
Joining a device is an extension to registering a device. This means, it provides you with all the benefits of registering a device and in addition to this, it also changes the local state of a device. Changing the local state enables your users to sign-in to a device using an organizational work or school account instead of a personal account. Joining a device is an extension to registering a device. This method provides you with all the benefits of registering a device, and changes the local state of a device. Changing the local state enables your users to sign-in to a device using an organizational work or school account instead of a personal account.
### Related topics ### Related to join type
[Azure AD Joined](#azure-ad-joined), [Azure AD Registered](#azure-ad-registered), [Hybrid Azure AD Joined](#hybrid-azure-ad-joined)
### More information - [Azure AD join](#azure-active-directory-join)
- [Introduction to device management in Azure Active Directory](/azure/active-directory/device-management-introduction) - [Azure AD registration](#azure-ad-registration)
- [Hybrid Azure AD join](#hybrid-azure-ad-join)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) ### More information about join type
## Key Trust
The key trust model uses the user's Windows Hello for Business identity to authenticate to on-premises Active Directory. The key trust model is supported in hybrid and on-premises deployments and requires Windows Server 2016 domain controllers.
### Related topics [Introduction to device identity in Azure AD](/azure/active-directory/devices/overview)
[Certificate Trust](#certificate-trust), [Deployment Type](#deployment-type), [Hybrid Azure AD Joined](#hybrid-azure-ad-joined), [Hybrid Deployment](#hybrid-deployment), [On-premises Deployment](#on-premises-deployment), [Trust Type](#trust-type)
### More information ## Key trust
- [Windows Hello for Business Planning Guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) The key trust model uses the user's Windows Hello for Business identity to authenticate to on-premises Active Directory. The key trust model is supported in hybrid and on-premises deployments and requires Windows Server 2016 domain controllers.
## Managed Environment
Managed environments are for non-federated environments where Azure Active Directory manages the authentication using technologies such as Password Hash Synchronization and Pass-through Authentication rather than a federation service such as Active Directory Federation Services.
### Related topics ### Related to key trust
[Federated Environment](#federated-environment), [Pass-through authentication](#pass-through-authentication), [Password Hash Synchronization](#password-hash-sync)
[Return to Top](#technology-and-terms) - [Certificate trust](#certificate-trust)
## On-premises Deployment - [Deployment type](#deployment-type)
The Windows Hello for Business on-premises deployment is for organizations that exclusively have on-premises resources that are accessed using Active Directory identities. On-premises deployments support domain joined devices. The on-premises deployment model supports two authentication trust types, key trust and certificate trust. - [Hybrid Azure AD join](#hybrid-azure-ad-join)
- [Hybrid deployment](#hybrid-deployment)
- [On-premises deployment](#on-premises-deployment)
- [Trust type](#trust-type)
### Related topics ### More information about key trust
[Cloud Deployment](#cloud-deployment), [Deployment Type](#deployment-type), [Hybrid Deployment](#hybrid-deployment)
### More information [Windows Hello for Business planning guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
- [Windows Hello for Business Planning Guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
## Managed environment
Managed environments are for non-federated environments where Azure AD manages the authentication using technologies such as Password Hash Synchronization and Pass-through Authentication rather than a federation service such as Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS).
### Related to managed environment
- [Federated environment](#federated-environment)
- [Pass-through authentication](#pass-through-authentication)
- [Password hash synchronization](#password-hash-sync)
## On-premises deployment
The Windows Hello for Business on-premises deployment is for organizations that exclusively have on-premises resources that are accessed using Active Directory identities. On-premises deployments support domain joined devices. The on-premises deployment model supports two authentication trust types, key trust and certificate trust.
### Related to on-premises deployment
- [Cloud deployment](#cloud-deployment)
- [Deployment type](#deployment-type)
- [Hybrid deployment](#hybrid-deployment)
### More information about on-premises deployment
[Windows Hello for Business planning guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md)
## Pass-through authentication ## Pass-through authentication
Provides a simple password validation for Azure AD authentication services using a software agent running on one or more on-premises servers to validate the users directly with your on-premises Active Directory. With pass-through authentication (PTA), you synchronize on-premises Active Directory user account objects with Office 365 and manage your users on-premises. Allows your users to sign in to both on-premises and Office 365 resources and applications using their on-premises account and password. This configuration validates users' passwords directly against your on-premises Active Directory without sending password hashes to Office 365. Companies with a security requirement to immediately enforce on-premises user account states, password policies, and logon hours would use this authentication method. With seamless single sign-on, users are automatically signed in to Azure AD when they are on their corporate devices and connected to your corporate network.
### Related topics Pass-through authentication provides a simple password validation for Azure AD authentication services. It uses a software agent that runs on one or more on-premises servers to validate the users directly with your on-premises Active Directory. With pass-through authentication (PTA), you synchronize on-premises Active Directory user account objects with Office 365 and manage your users on-premises. Allows your users to sign in to both on-premises and Office 365 resources and applications using their on-premises account and password. This configuration validates users' passwords directly against your on-premises Active Directory without sending password hashes to Office 365. Companies with a security requirement to immediately enforce on-premises user account states, password policies, and sign-in hours would use this authentication method. With seamless single sign-on, users are automatically signed in to Azure AD when they are on their corporate devices and connected to your corporate network.
[Federated Environment](#federated-environment), [Managed Environment](#managed-environment), [Password Hash Synchronization](#password-hash-sync)
### Related to pass-through authentication
### More information - [Federated environment](#federated-environment)
- [Choosing the right authentication method for your Azure Active Directory hybrid identity solution](/azure/security/azure-ad-choose-authn) - [Managed environment](#managed-environment)
- [Password hash synchronization](#password-hash-sync)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) ### More information about pass-through authentication
## Password Hash Sync
The simplest way to enable authentication for on-premises directory objects in Azure AD. With password hash sync (PHS), you synchronize your on-premises Active Directory user account objects with Office 365 and manage your users on-premises. Hashes of user passwords are synchronized from your on-premises Active Directory to Azure AD so that the users have the same password on-premises and in the cloud. When passwords are changed or reset on-premises, the new password hashes are synchronized to Azure AD so that your users can always use the same password for cloud resources and on-premises resources. The passwords are never sent to Azure AD or stored in Azure AD in clear text. Some premium features of Azure AD, such as Identity Protection, require PHS regardless of which authentication method is selected. With seamless single sign-on, users are automatically signed in to Azure AD when they are on their corporate devices and connected to your corporate network.
### Related topics [Choose the right authentication method for your Azure AD hybrid identity solution](/azure/active-directory/hybrid/choose-ad-authn)
[Federated Environment](#federated-environment), [Managed Environment](#managed-environment), [Pass-through authentication](#pass-through-authentication)
### More information ## Password hash sync
- [Choosing the right authentication method for your Azure Active Directory hybrid identity solution](/azure/security/azure-ad-choose-authn)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) Password hash sync is the simplest way to enable authentication for on-premises directory objects in Azure AD. With password hash sync (PHS), you synchronize your on-premises Active Directory user account objects with Office 365 and manage your users on-premises. Hashes of user passwords are synchronized from your on-premises Active Directory to Azure AD so that the users have the same password on-premises and in the cloud. When passwords are changed or reset on-premises, the new password hashes are synchronized to Azure AD so that your users can always use the same password for cloud resources and on-premises resources. The passwords are never sent to Azure AD or stored in Azure AD in clear text. Some premium features of Azure AD, such as Identity Protection, require PHS regardless of which authentication method is selected. With seamless single sign-on, users are automatically signed in to Azure AD when they are on their corporate devices and connected to your corporate network.
## Primary Refresh Token
SSO relies on special tokens obtained for each of the types of applications above. These are in turn used to obtain access tokens to specific applications. In the traditional Windows Integrated authentication case using Kerberos, this token is a Kerberos TGT (ticket-granting ticket). For Azure AD and AD FS applications we call this a Primary Refresh Token (PRT). This is a [JSON Web Token](http://openid.net/specs/draft-jones-json-web-token-07.html) containing claims about both the user and the device.
The PRT is initially obtained during Windows Logon (user sign-in/unlock) in a similar way the Kerberos TGT is obtained. This is true for both Azure AD joined and hybrid Azure AD-joined devices. In personal devices registered with Azure AD, the PRT is initially obtained upon Add Work or School Account (in a personal device the account to unlock the device is not the work account but a consumer account e.g. hotmail.com, live.com, outlook.com, etc.). ### Related to password hash sync
The PRT is needed for SSO. Without it, the user will be prompted for credentials when accessing applications every time. Please also note that the PRT contains information about the device. This means that if you have any [device-based conditional access](/azure/active-directory/active-directory-conditional-access-policy-connected-applications) policy set on an application, without the PRT, access will be denied. - [Federated environment](#federated-environment)
- [Managed environment](#managed-environment)
- [Pass-through authentication](#pass-through-authentication)
[Return to Top](#technology-and-terms) ### More information about password hash sync
## Storage Root Key
The storage root key (SRK) is also an asymmetric key pair (RSA with a minimum of 2048 bits length). The SRK has a major role and is used to protect TPM keys, so that these keys cannot be used without the TPM. The SRK key is created when the ownership of the TPM is taken.
### Related topics [Choose the right authentication method for your Azure AD hybrid identity solution](/azure/active-directory/hybrid/choose-ad-authn)
[Attestation Identity Keys](#attestation-identity-keys), [Endorsement Key](#endorsement-key), [Trusted Platform Module](#trusted-platform-module)
### More information ## Primary refresh token
[TPM Library Specification](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/)
Single sign on (SSO) relies on special tokens obtained for each of the types of applications above. These special tokens are then used to obtain access tokens to specific applications. In the traditional Windows Integrated authentication case using Kerberos, this token is a Kerberos TGT (ticket-granting ticket). For Azure AD and AD FS applications, this token is a _primary refresh token_ (PRT). It's a [JSON Web Token](https://openid.net/specs/draft-jones-json-web-token-07.html) that contains claims about both the user and the device.
The PRT is initially obtained during Windows user sign-in or unlock in a similar way the Kerberos TGT is obtained. This behavior is true for both Azure AD joined and hybrid Azure AD-joined devices. For personal devices registered with Azure AD, the PRT is initially obtained upon Add Work or School Account. For a personal device the account to unlock the device isn't the work account, but a consumer account. For example, hotmail.com, live.com, or outlook.com.
The PRT is needed for SSO. Without it, the user will be prompted for credentials when accessing applications every time. The PRT also contains information about the device. If you have any [device-based conditional access](/azure/active-directory/conditional-access/concept-conditional-access-grant) policy set on an application, without the PRT, access will be denied.
## Storage root key
The storage root key (SRK) is also an asymmetric key pair (RSA with a minimum of 2048-bits length). The SRK has a major role and is used to protect TPM keys, so that these keys can't be used without the TPM. The SRK key is created when the ownership of the TPM is taken.
### Related to storage root key
- [Attestation identity keys](#attestation-identity-keys)
- [Endorsement key](#endorsement-key)
- [Trusted platform module](#trusted-platform-module)
### More information about storage root key
[TPM library specification](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md)
## Trust type ## Trust type
The trust type determines how a user authenticates to the Active Directory to access on-premises resources. There are two trust types, key trust and certificate trust. The hybrid and on-premises deployment models support both trust types. The trust type does not affect authentication to Azure Active Directory. Windows Hello for Business authentication to Azure Active Directory always uses the key, not a certificate (excluding smart card authentication in a federated environment).
### Related topics The trust type determines how a user authenticates to the Active Directory to access on-premises resources. There are two trust types, key trust and certificate trust. The hybrid and on-premises deployment models support both trust types. The trust type doesn't affect authentication to Azure AD. Windows Hello for Business authentication to Azure AD always uses the key, not a certificate (excluding smart card authentication in a federated environment).
[Certificate Trust](#certificate-trust), [Hybrid Deployment](#hybrid-deployment), [Key Trust](#key-trust), [On-premises Deployment](#on-premises-deployment)
### More information ### Related to trust type
- [Windows Hello for Business Planning Guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) - [Certificate trust](#certificate-trust)
## Trusted Platform Module - [Hybrid deployment](#hybrid-deployment)
- [Key trust](#key-trust)
- [On-premises deployment](#on-premises-deployment)
A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a hardware component that provides unique security features.<br> ### More information about trust type
Windows leverages security characteristics of a TPM for measuring boot integrity sequence (and based on that, unlocking automatically BitLocker protected drives), for protecting credentials or for health attestation. [Windows Hello for Business planning guide](hello-planning-guide.md)
## Trusted platform module
A trusted platform module (TPM) is a hardware component that provides unique security features.
Windows uses security characteristics of a TPM for the following functions:
- Measuring boot integrity sequence. Based on that sequence, it automatically unlocks BitLocker-protected drives
- Protecting credentials
- Health attestation
A TPM implements controls that meet the specification described by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG). There are currently two versions of the TPM specification produced by TCG that aren't compatible with each other:
A TPM implements controls that meet the specification described by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG). At the time of this writing, there are two versions of TPM specification produced by TCG that are not compatible with each other:
- The first TPM specification, version 1.2, was published in February 2005 by the TCG and standardized under ISO / IEC 11889 standard. - The first TPM specification, version 1.2, was published in February 2005 by the TCG and standardized under ISO / IEC 11889 standard.
- The latest TPM specification, referred to as TPM 2.0, was released in April 2014 and has been approved by the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee (JTC) as ISO/IEC 11889:2015. - The latest TPM specification, referred to as TPM 2.0, was released in April 2014 and has been approved by the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee (JTC) as ISO/IEC 11889:2015.
@ -290,27 +355,29 @@ Windows recognizes versions 1.2 and 2.0 TPM specifications produced by the TCG.
TPM 2.0 provides a major revision to the capabilities over TPM 1.2: TPM 2.0 provides a major revision to the capabilities over TPM 1.2:
- Update cryptography strength to meet modern security needs - Update cryptography strength to meet modern security needs
- Support for SHA-256 for PCRs - Support for SHA-256 for PCRs
- Support for HMAC command - Support for HMAC command
- Cryptographic algorithms flexibility to support government needs - Cryptographic algorithms flexibility to support government needs
- TPM 1.2 is severely restricted in terms of what algorithms it can support - TPM 1.2 is severely restricted in terms of what algorithms it can support
- TPM 2.0 can support arbitrary algorithms with minor updates to the TCG specification documents - TPM 2.0 can support arbitrary algorithms with minor updates to the TCG specification documents
- Consistency across implementations - Consistency across implementations
- The TPM 1.2 specification allows vendors wide latitude when choosing implementation details - The TPM 1.2 specification allows vendors wide latitude when choosing implementation details
- TPM 2.0 standardizes much of this behavior - TPM 2.0 standardizes much of this behavior
In a simplified manner, the TPM is a passive component with limited resources. It can calculate random numbers, RSA keys, decrypt short data, store hashes taken when booting the device. A TPM incorporates in a single component: In a simplified manner, the TPM is a passive component with limited resources. It can calculate random numbers, RSA keys, decrypt short data, store hashes taken when booting the device. A TPM incorporates in a single component:
- A RSA 2048-bit key generator
- An RSA 2048-bit key generator
- A random number generator - A random number generator
- Nonvolatile memory for storing EK, SRK, and AIK keys - Nonvolatile memory for storing EK, SRK, and AIK keys
- A cryptographic engine to encrypt, decrypt, and sign - A cryptographic engine to encrypt, decrypt, and sign
- Volatile memory for storing the PCRs and RSA keys - Volatile memory for storing the PCRs and RSA keys
### Related to trusted platform module
### Related topics - [Attestation identity keys](#attestation-identity-keys)
[Attestation Identity Keys](#attestation-identity-keys), [Endorsement Key](#endorsement-key), [Storage Root Key](#storage-root-key) - [Endorsement key](#endorsement-key)
- [Storage root key](#storage-root-key)
### More information ### More information about trusted platform module
- [TPM Library Specification](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/)
[Return to Top](hello-how-it-works-technology.md) [TPM library specification](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/)

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windows/security/identity-protection/hello-for-business/hello-overview.md
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@ -37,37 +37,37 @@ Windows Hello lets users authenticate to:
- A Microsoft account. - A Microsoft account.
- An Active Directory account. - An Active Directory account.
- A Microsoft Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) account. - A Microsoft Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) account.
- Identity Provider Services or Relying Party Services that support [Fast ID Online (FIDO) v2.0](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=533889) authentication. - Identity Provider Services or Relying Party Services that support [Fast ID Online (FIDO) v2.0](https://fidoalliance.org/) authentication.
After an initial two-step verification of the user during enrollment, Windows Hello is set up on the user's device and Windows asks the user to set a gesture, which can be a biometric, such as a fingerprint, or a PIN. The user provides the gesture to verify their identity. Windows then uses Windows Hello to authenticate users. After an initial two-step verification of the user during enrollment, Windows Hello is set up on the user's device and Windows asks the user to set a gesture, which can be a biometric, such as a fingerprint, or a PIN. The user provides the gesture to verify their identity. Windows then uses Windows Hello to authenticate users.
As an administrator in an enterprise or educational organization, you can create policies to manage Windows Hello for Business use on Windows 10-based devices that connect to your organization. As an administrator in an enterprise or educational organization, you can create policies to manage Windows Hello for Business use on Windows 10-based devices that connect to your organization.
## Biometric sign-in ## Biometric sign-in
Windows Hello provides reliable, fully integrated biometric authentication based on facial recognition or fingerprint matching. Windows Hello uses a combination of special infrared (IR) cameras and software to increase accuracy and guard against spoofing. Major hardware vendors are shipping devices that have integrated Windows Hello-compatible cameras. Fingerprint reader hardware can be used or added to devices that don't currently have it. On devices that support Windows Hello, an easy biometric gesture unlocks users' credentials. Windows Hello provides reliable, fully integrated biometric authentication based on facial recognition or fingerprint matching. Windows Hello uses a combination of special infrared (IR) cameras and software to increase accuracy and guard against spoofing. Major hardware vendors are shipping devices that have integrated Windows Hello-compatible cameras. Fingerprint reader hardware can be used or added to devices that don't currently have it. On devices that support Windows Hello, an easy biometric gesture unlocks users' credentials.
- **Facial recognition**. This type of biometric recognition uses special cameras that see in IR light, which allows them to reliably tell the difference between a photograph or scan and a living person. Several vendors are shipping external cameras that incorporate this technology, and major laptop manufacturers are incorporating it into their devices, as well. - **Facial recognition**. This type of biometric recognition uses special cameras that see in IR light, which allows them to reliably tell the difference between a photograph or scan and a living person. Several vendors are shipping external cameras that incorporate this technology, and major laptop manufacturers are incorporating it into their devices, as well.
- **Fingerprint recognition**. This type of biometric recognition uses a capacitive fingerprint sensor to scan your fingerprint. Fingerprint readers have been available for Windows computers for years, but the current generation of sensors is significantly more reliable and less error-prone. Most existing fingerprint readers (whether external or integrated into laptops or USB keyboards) work with Windows 10 and Windows 11. - **Fingerprint recognition**. This type of biometric recognition uses a capacitive fingerprint sensor to scan your fingerprint. Fingerprint readers have been available for Windows computers for years, but the current generation of sensors is more reliable and less error-prone. Most existing fingerprint readers work with Windows 10 and Windows 11, whether they're external or integrated into laptops or USB keyboards.
Windows stores biometric data that is used to implement Windows Hello securely on the local device only. The biometric data doesn't roam and is never sent to external devices or servers. Because Windows Hello only stores biometric identification data on the device, there's no single collection point an attacker can compromise to steal biometric data. For more information about biometric authentication with Windows Hello for Business, see [Windows Hello biometrics in the enterprise](hello-biometrics-in-enterprise.md). Windows stores biometric data that is used to implement Windows Hello securely on the local device only. The biometric data doesn't roam and is never sent to external devices or servers. Because Windows Hello only stores biometric identification data on the device, there's no single collection point an attacker can compromise to steal biometric data. For more information about biometric authentication with Windows Hello for Business, see [Windows Hello biometrics in the enterprise](hello-biometrics-in-enterprise.md).
## The difference between Windows Hello and Windows Hello for Business ## The difference between Windows Hello and Windows Hello for Business
- Individuals can create a PIN or biometric gesture on their personal devices for convenient sign-in. This use of Windows Hello is unique to the device on which it is set up, but can use a simple password hash depending on an individual's account type. This configuration is referred to as Windows Hello convenience PIN and it is not backed by asymmetric (public/private key) or certificate-based authentication. - Individuals can create a PIN or biometric gesture on their personal devices for convenient sign-in. This use of Windows Hello is unique to the device on which it's set up, but can use a password hash depending on an individual's account type. This configuration is referred to as Windows Hello convenience PIN and it's not backed by asymmetric (public/private key) or certificate-based authentication.
- **Windows Hello for Business**, which is configured by Group Policy or mobile device management (MDM) policy, always uses key-based or certificate-based authentication. This makes it much more secure than **Windows Hello convenience PIN**. - **Windows Hello for Business**, which is configured by group policy or mobile device management (MDM) policy, always uses key-based or certificate-based authentication. This behavior makes it more secure than **Windows Hello convenience PIN**.
## Benefits of Windows Hello ## Benefits of Windows Hello
Reports of identity theft and large-scale hacking are frequent headlines. Nobody wants to be notified that their user name and password have been exposed. Reports of identity theft and large-scale hacking are frequent headlines. Nobody wants to be notified that their user name and password have been exposed.
You may wonder [how a PIN can help protect a device better than a password](hello-why-pin-is-better-than-password.md). Passwords are shared secrets; they are entered on a device and transmitted over the network to the server. An intercepted account name and password can be used by anyone, anywhere. Because they're stored on the server, a server breach can reveal those stored credentials. You may wonder [how a PIN can help protect a device better than a password](hello-why-pin-is-better-than-password.md). Passwords are shared secrets; they're entered on a device and transmitted over the network to the server. An intercepted account name and password can be used by anyone, anywhere. Because they're stored on the server, a server breach can reveal those stored credentials.
In Windows 10 and later, Windows Hello replaces passwords. When an identity provider supports keys, the Windows Hello provisioning process creates a cryptographic key pair bound to the Trusted Platform Module (TPM), if a device has a TPM 2.0, or in software. Access to these keys and obtaining a signature to validate user possession of the private key is enabled only by the PIN or biometric gesture. The two-step verification that takes place during Windows Hello enrollment creates a trusted relationship between the identity provider and the user when the public portion of the public/private key pair is sent to an identity provider and associated with a user account. When a user enters the gesture on the device, the identity provider knows from the combination of Hello keys and gesture that this is a verified identity and provides an authentication token that allows Windows to access resources and services. In Windows 10 and later, Windows Hello replaces passwords. When an identity provider supports keys, the Windows Hello provisioning process creates a cryptographic key pair bound to the Trusted Platform Module (TPM), if a device has a TPM 2.0, or in software. Access to these keys and obtaining a signature to validate user possession of the private key is enabled only by the PIN or biometric gesture. The two-step verification that takes place during Windows Hello enrollment creates a trusted relationship between the identity provider and the user when the public portion of the public/private key pair is sent to an identity provider and associated with a user account. When a user enters the gesture on the device, the identity provider knows that it's a verified identity, because of the combination of Windows Hello keys and gestures. It then provides an authentication token that allows Windows to access resources and services.
>[!NOTE] > [!NOTE]
>Windows Hello as a convenience sign-in uses regular username and password authentication, without the user entering the password. > Windows Hello as a convenience sign-in uses regular username and password authentication, without the user entering the password.
:::image type="content" alt-text="How authentication works in Windows Hello." source="images/authflow.png" lightbox="images/authflow.png"::: :::image type="content" alt-text="How authentication works in Windows Hello." source="images/authflow.png" lightbox="images/authflow.png":::
@ -79,15 +79,15 @@ Windows Hello helps protect user identities and user credentials. Because the us
- Windows Hello credentials are based on certificate or asymmetrical key pair. Windows Hello credentials can be bound to the device, and the token that is obtained using the credential is also bound to the device. - Windows Hello credentials are based on certificate or asymmetrical key pair. Windows Hello credentials can be bound to the device, and the token that is obtained using the credential is also bound to the device.
- Identity provider (such as Active Directory, Azure AD, or a Microsoft account) validates user identity and maps the Windows Hello public key to a user account during the registration step. - An identity provider validates the user identity and maps the Windows Hello public key to a user account during the registration step. Example providers are Active Directory, Azure AD, or a Microsoft account.
- Keys can be generated in hardware (TPM 1.2 or 2.0 for enterprises, and TPM 2.0 for consumers) or software, based on the policy. To guarantee that keys are generated in hardware, you must set policy. - Keys can be generated in hardware (TPM 1.2 or 2.0 for enterprises, and TPM 2.0 for consumers) or software, based on the policy. To guarantee that keys are generated in hardware, you must set policy.
- Authentication is the two-factor authentication with the combination of a key or certificate tied to a device and something that the person knows (a PIN) or something that the person is (biometrics). The Windows Hello gesture does not roam between devices and is not shared with the server. Biometrics templates are stored locally on a device. The PIN is never stored or shared. - Authentication is the two-factor authentication with the combination of a key or certificate tied to a device and something that the person knows (a PIN) or something that the person is (biometrics). The Windows Hello gesture doesn't roam between devices and isn't shared with the server. Biometrics templates are stored locally on a device. The PIN is never stored or shared.
- The private key never leaves a device when using TPM. The authenticating server has a public key that is mapped to the user account during the registration process. - The private key never leaves a device when using TPM. The authenticating server has a public key that is mapped to the user account during the registration process.
- PIN entry and biometric gesture both trigger Windows 10 and later to use the private key to cryptographically sign data that is sent to the identity provider. The identity provider verifies the user's identity and authenticates the user. - PIN entry and biometric gesture both trigger Windows 10 and later to use the private key to cryptographically sign data that is sent to the identity provider. The identity provider verifies the user's identity and authenticates the user.
- Personal (Microsoft account) and corporate (Active Directory or Azure AD) accounts use a single container for keys. All keys are separated by identity providers' domains to help ensure user privacy. - Personal (Microsoft account) and corporate (Active Directory or Azure AD) accounts use a single container for keys. All keys are separated by identity providers' domains to help ensure user privacy.
@ -97,25 +97,21 @@ For details, see [How Windows Hello for Business works](hello-how-it-works.md).
## Comparing key-based and certificate-based authentication ## Comparing key-based and certificate-based authentication
Windows Hello for Business can use either keys (hardware or software) or certificates in hardware or software. Enterprises that have a public key infrastructure (PKI) for issuing and managing end user certificates can continue to use PKI in combination with Windows Hello for Business. Enterprises that do not use PKI or want to reduce the effort associated with managing user certificates can rely on key-based credentials for Windows Hello. This still uses certificates on the domain controllers as a root of trust. Starting with Windows 10 21H2, there is a feature called cloud trust for hybrid deployments which uses Azure AD as the root of trust. Cloud trust uses key-based credentials for Windows Hello but does not require certificates on the domain controller. Windows Hello for Business can use either keys (hardware or software) or certificates in hardware or software. Enterprises that have a public key infrastructure (PKI) for issuing and managing end user certificates can continue to use PKI in combination with Windows Hello for Business. Enterprises that don't use PKI or want to reduce the effort associated with managing user certificates can rely on key-based credentials for Windows Hello. This functionality still uses certificates on the domain controllers as a root of trust. Starting with Windows 10 version 21H2, there's a feature called cloud trust for hybrid deployments, which uses Azure AD as the root of trust. Cloud trust uses key-based credentials for Windows Hello but doesn't require certificates on the domain controller.
Windows Hello for Business with a key, including cloud trust, does not support supplied credentials for RDP. RDP does not support authentication with a key or a self signed certificate. RDP with Windows Hello for Business is supported with certificate based deployments as a supplied credential. Windows Hello for Business with a key credential can be used with [Windows Defender Remote Credential Guard](../remote-credential-guard.md). Windows Hello for Business with a key, including cloud trust, doesn't support supplied credentials for RDP. RDP doesn't support authentication with a key or a self signed certificate. RDP with Windows Hello for Business is supported with certificate based deployments as a supplied credential. Windows Hello for Business with a key credential can be used with [Windows Defender Remote Credential Guard](../remote-credential-guard.md).
## Learn more ## Learn more
[Implementing strong user authentication with Windows Hello for Business](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/itshowcase/implementing-strong-user-authentication-with-windows-hello-for-business) [Implementing strong user authentication with Windows Hello for Business](https://www.microsoft.com/insidetrack/implementing-strong-user-authentication-with-windows-hello-for-business)
[Implementing Windows Hello for Business at Microsoft](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/itshowcase/implementing-windows-hello-for-business-at-microsoft) [Implementing Windows Hello for Business at Microsoft](https://www.microsoft.com/insidetrack/implementing-windows-hello-for-business-at-microsoft)
[Introduction to Windows Hello](/learn/?l=eH7yoY2BC_9106218949), video presentation on Microsoft Virtual Academy [Windows Hello for Business: Authentication](https://youtu.be/WPmzoP_vMek): In this video, learn about Windows Hello for Business and how it's used to sign-in and access resources.
[Windows Hello face authentication](/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/windows-hello-face-authentication) [Windows Hello face authentication](/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/windows-hello-face-authentication)
[Windows 10: Disrupting the Revolution of Cyber-Threats with Revolutionary Security!](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=533890) ## Related articles
[Windows 10: The End Game for Passwords and Credential Theft?](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=533891)
## Related topics
- [How Windows Hello for Business works](hello-how-it-works.md) - [How Windows Hello for Business works](hello-how-it-works.md)
- [Manage Windows Hello for Business in your organization](hello-manage-in-organization.md) - [Manage Windows Hello for Business in your organization](hello-manage-in-organization.md)

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@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ landingContent:
- text: Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle - text: Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle
url: threat-protection/msft-security-dev-lifecycle.md url: threat-protection/msft-security-dev-lifecycle.md
- text: Microsoft Bug Bounty - text: Microsoft Bug Bounty
url: /microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-bug-bounty-program.md url: /microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-bug-bounty-program
- text: Common Criteria Certifications - text: Common Criteria Certifications
url: threat-protection/windows-platform-common-criteria.md url: threat-protection/windows-platform-common-criteria.md
- text: Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140 Validation - text: Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140 Validation

11
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@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
--- ---
title: Windows Defender Application Control and virtualization-based code integrity (Windows 10) title: Windows Defender Application Control and virtualization-based code integrity
description: Hardware and software system integrity-hardening capabilities that can be deployed separately or in combination with Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC). description: Hardware and software system integrity-hardening capabilities that can be deployed separately or in combination with Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC).
keywords: virtualization, security, malware, device guard
ms.prod: m365-security ms.prod: m365-security
ms.mktglfcycl: deploy
ms.localizationpriority: medium ms.localizationpriority: medium
author: denisebmsft author: denisebmsft
ms.author: deniseb ms.author: deniseb
@ -28,12 +26,12 @@ Using Windows Defender Application Control to restrict devices to only authorize
1. WDAC policy is enforced by the Windows kernel itself, and the policy takes effect early in the boot sequence before nearly all other OS code and before traditional antivirus solutions run. 1. WDAC policy is enforced by the Windows kernel itself, and the policy takes effect early in the boot sequence before nearly all other OS code and before traditional antivirus solutions run.
2. WDAC lets you set application control policy for code that runs in user mode, kernel mode hardware and software drivers, and even code that runs as part of Windows. 2. WDAC lets you set application control policy for code that runs in user mode, kernel mode hardware and software drivers, and even code that runs as part of Windows.
3. Customers can protect the WDAC policy even from local administrator tampering by digitally signing the policy. To change signed policy requires both administrative privilege and access to the organization’s digital signing process. This makes it difficult for an attacker, including one who has managed to gain administrative privilege, to tamper with WDAC policy. 3. Customers can protect the WDAC policy even from local administrator tampering by digitally signing the policy. To change signed policy requires both administrative privilege and access to the organization's digital signing process. This makes it difficult for an attacker, including one who has managed to gain administrative privilege, to tamper with WDAC policy.
4. You can protect the entire WDAC enforcement mechanism with HVCI. Even if a vulnerability exists in kernel mode code, HVCI greatly reduces the likelihood that an attacker could successfully exploit it. This is important because an attacker that compromises the kernel could normally disable most system defenses, including those enforced by WDAC or any other application control solution. 4. You can protect the entire WDAC enforcement mechanism with HVCI. Even if a vulnerability exists in kernel mode code, HVCI greatly reduces the likelihood that an attacker could successfully exploit it. This is important because an attacker that compromises the kernel could normally disable most system defenses, including those enforced by WDAC or any other application control solution.
## Why we no longer use the Device Guard brand ## Why we no longer use the Device Guard brand
When we originally promoted Device Guard, we did so with a specific security promise in mind. Although there were no direct dependencies between WDAC and HVCI, we intentionally focused our discussion around the lockdown state achieved when using them together. However, since HVCI relies on Windows virtualization-based security, it has hardware, firmware, and kernel driver compatibility requirements that some older systems can’t meet. This misled many people to assume that if systems couldn't use HVCI, they couldn’t use WDAC either. When we originally promoted Device Guard, we did so with a specific security promise in mind. Although there were no direct dependencies between WDAC and HVCI, we intentionally focused our discussion around the lockdown state achieved when using them together. However, since HVCI relies on Windows virtualization-based security, it has hardware, firmware, and kernel driver compatibility requirements that some older systems can't meet. This misled many people to assume that if systems couldn't use HVCI, they couldn't use WDAC either.
WDAC has no specific hardware or software requirements other than running Windows 10, which means customers were denied the benefits of this powerful application control capability due to Device Guard confusion. WDAC has no specific hardware or software requirements other than running Windows 10, which means customers were denied the benefits of this powerful application control capability due to Device Guard confusion.
@ -43,6 +41,5 @@ We hope this change will help us better communicate options for adopting applica
## Related articles ## Related articles
- [Windows Defender Application Control](../windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control.md) - [Windows Defender Application Control](../windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control.md)
- [Dropping the Hammer Down on Malware Threats with Windows 10’s Windows Defender](https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Ignite/2015/BRK2336) - [Driver compatibility with Device Guard in Windows 10](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-hardware-certification/driver-compatibility-with-device-guard-in-windows-10/ba-p/364865)
- [Driver compatibility with Windows Defender in Windows 10](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/windows_hardware_certification/2015/05/22/driver-compatibility-with-device-guard-in-windows-10)
- [Code integrity](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd348642(v=ws.10)) - [Code integrity](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd348642(v=ws.10))

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--- ---
title: Get support title: Get support
description: Frequently asked question about how to get support for Windows baselines, the Security Compliance Toolkit (SCT), and related topics in your organization. description: Frequently asked questions about how to get support for Windows baselines and the Security Compliance Toolkit (SCT).
ms.prod: m365-security ms.prod: m365-security
ms.localizationpriority: medium ms.localizationpriority: medium
ms.author: dansimp ms.author: dansimp
@ -15,87 +15,69 @@ ms.technology: windows-sec
# Get Support for Windows baselines # Get Support for Windows baselines
**What is the Microsoft Security Compliance Manager (SCM)?** ## Frequently asked questions
The Security Compliance Manager (SCM) is now retired and is no longer supported. The reason is that SCM was an incredibly complex and large program that needed to be updated for every Windows release. It has been replaced by the Security Compliance Toolkit (SCT). To provide a better service for our customers, we have moved to SCT with which we can publish baselines through the Microsoft Download Center in a lightweight .zip file that contains GPO backups, GPO reports, Excel spreadsheets, WMI filters, and scripts to apply the settings to local policy. ### What is the Microsoft Security Compliance Manager (SCM)?
More information about this change can be found on the [Microsoft Security Guidance blog](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-compliance-manager-scm-retired-new-tools-and-procedures). The Security Compliance Manager (SCM) is now retired and is no longer supported. The reason is that SCM was an incredibly complex and large program that needed to be updated for every Windows release. It has been replaced by the Security Compliance Toolkit (SCT). To provide a better service for our customers, we've moved to SCT with which we can publish baselines through the Microsoft Download Center in a lightweight .zip file that contains GPO backups, GPO reports, Excel spreadsheets, WMI filters, and scripts to apply the settings to local policy.
**Where can I get an older version of a Windows baseline?** For more information, see [Security Compliance Manager (SCM) retired; new tools and procedures](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-compliance-manager-scm-retired-new-tools-and-procedures).
Any version of Windows baseline before Windows 10 1703 can still be downloaded using SCM. Any future versions of Windows baseline will be available through SCT. See the version matrix in this article to see if your version of Windows baseline is available on SCT. ### Where can I get an older version of a Windows baseline?
- [SCM 4.0 Download](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) Any version of Windows baseline before Windows 10 version 1703 can still be downloaded using SCM. Any future versions of Windows baseline will be available through SCT. To see if your version of Windows baseline is available on SCT, see the [Version matrix](#version-matrix).
- [SCM Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1836.microsoft-security-compliance-manager-scm-frequently-asked-questions-faq.aspx)
- [SCM Release Notes](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1864.microsoft-security-compliance-manager-scm-release-notes.aspx)
- [SCM baseline download help](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1865.microsoft-security-compliance-manager-scm-baseline-download-help.aspx)
**What file formats are supported by the new SCT?** - [SCM 4.0 download](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=53353)
- [SCM frequently asked questions (FAQ)](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1836.microsoft-security-compliance-manager-scm-frequently-asked-questions-faq.aspx)
- [SCM release notes](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1864.microsoft-security-compliance-manager-scm-release-notes.aspx)
- [SCM baseline download help](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1865.microsoft-security-compliance-manager-scm-baseline-download-help.aspx)
The toolkit supports formats created by the Windows GPO backup feature (.pol, .inf, and .csv). Policy Analyzer saves its data in XML files with a .PolicyRules file extension. LGPO also supports its own LGPO text file format as a text-based analog for the binary registry.pol file format. See the LGPO documentation for more information. Keep in mind that SCM’s .cab files are no longer supported. ### What file formats are supported by the new SCT?
**Does SCT support Desired State Configuration (DSC) file format?** The toolkit supports formats created by the Windows GPO backup feature (`.pol`, `.inf`, and `.csv`). Policy Analyzer saves its data in XML files with a `.PolicyRules` file extension. A local group policy object (LGPO) also supports its own LGPO text file format as a text-based analog for the binary registry.pol file format. For more information, see the LGPO documentation. The `.cab` files from SCM are no longer supported.
Not yet. PowerShell-based DSC is rapidly gaining popularity, and more DSC tools are coming online to convert GPOs and DSC and to validate system configuration. We are currently developing a tool to provide customers with these features. ### Does SCT support the Desired State Configuration (DSC) file format?
**Does SCT support the creation of Microsoft Endpoint Manager DCM packs?** Not yet. PowerShell-based DSC is rapidly gaining popularity, and more DSC tools are coming online to convert GPOs and DSC and to validate system configuration. We're currently developing a tool to provide customers with these features.
No. A potential alternative is Desired State Configuration (DSC), a feature of the [Windows Management Framework](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=40855). A tool that supports conversion of GPO backups to DSC format can be found [here](https://github.com/Microsoft/BaselineManagement). ### Does SCT support the creation of Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager DCM packs?
**Does SCT support the creation of Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP)-format policies?** No. A potential alternative is Desired State Configuration (DSC), a feature of the [Windows Management Framework](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=54616). A tool that supports conversion of GPO backups to DSC format is the [BaselineManagement module](https://github.com/Microsoft/BaselineManagement).
No. SCM supported only SCAP 1.0, which was not updated as SCAP evolved. The new toolkit likewise does not include SCAP support. ### Does SCT support the creation of Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP)-format policies?
<br /> No. SCM supported only SCAP 1.0, which wasn't updated as SCAP evolved. The new toolkit also doesn't include SCAP support.
## Version Matrix ## Version matrix
**Client Versions** ### Client versions
| Name | Build | Baseline Release Date | Security Tools | | Name | Build | Baseline release date | Security tools |
|---|---|---|---| |---|---|---|---|
|Windows 10 | [1709 (RS3)](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-fall-creators-update-v1709-draft) <p> [1703 (RS2)](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-creators-update-v1703-final) <p>[1607 (RS1)](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-v1607-anniversary-edition-and-windows-server-2016) <p>[1511 (TH2)](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-v1511-threshold-2-final) <p>[1507 (TH1)](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-v1507-build-10240-th1-ltsb-update)| October 2017 <p>August 2017 <p>October 2016 <p>January 2016<p> January 2016 |[SCT 1.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319) | | Windows 10 | [Version 1709](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-fall-creators-update-v1709-draft) <p> [Version 1703](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-creators-update-v1703-final) <p>[Version 1607](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-v1607-anniversary-edition-and-windows-server-2016) <p>[1511 (TH2)](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-v1511-threshold-2-final) <p>[1507 (TH1)](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-v1507-build-10240-th1-ltsb-update)| October 2017 <p>August 2017 <p>October 2016 <p>January 2016<p> January 2016 |[SCT 1.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319) |
Windows 8.1 |[9600 (April Update)](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baselines-for-windows-8-1-windows-server-2012-r2-and-internet-explorer-11-final)| October 2013| [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) | | Windows 8.1 |[9600 (April Update)](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baselines-for-windows-8-1-windows-server-2012-r2-and-internet-explorer-11-final)| October 2013| [SCM 4.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=53353) |
Windows 8 |[9200](/previous-versions/tn-archive/jj916413(v=technet.10)) |October 2012| [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10))|
Windows 7 |[7601 (SP1)](/previous-versions/tn-archive/ee712767(v=technet.10))| October 2009| [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) |
| Vista |[6002 (SP2)](/previous-versions/tn-archive/dd450978(v=technet.10))| January 2007| [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) |
| Windows XP |[2600 (SP3)](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc163061(v=technet.10))| October 2001| [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10))|
<br /> ### Server versions
**Server Versions** | Name | Build | Baseline release date | Security tools |
| Name | Build | Baseline Release Date | Security Tools |
|---|---|---|---| |---|---|---|---|
|Windows Server 2016 | [SecGuide](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-v1607-anniversary-edition-and-windows-server-2016) |October 2016 |[SCT 1.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319) | |Windows Server 2016 | [SecGuide](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-v1607-anniversary-edition-and-windows-server-2016) |October 2016 |[SCT 1.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319) |
|Windows Server 2012 R2|[SecGuide](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-v1607-anniversary-edition-and-windows-server-2016)|August 2014 | [SCT 1.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319)| |Windows Server 2012 R2|[SecGuide](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baseline-for-windows-10-v1607-anniversary-edition-and-windows-server-2016)|August 2014 | [SCT 1.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319)|
|Windows Server 2012|[Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/jj898542(v=technet.10)) |2012| [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) | |Windows Server 2012|[Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/jj898542(v=technet.10)) |2012| [SCM 4.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=53353) |
Windows Server 2008 R2 |[SP1](/previous-versions/tn-archive/gg236605(v=technet.10))|2009 | [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) |
| Windows Server 2008 |[SP2](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc514539(v=technet.10))| 2008 | [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) |
|Windows Server 2003 R2|[Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc163140(v=technet.10))| 2003 | [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10))|
|Windows Server 2003|[Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc163140(v=technet.10))|2003|[SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10))|
<br /> ### Microsoft products
**Microsoft Products** | Name | Details | Security tools |
|--|--|--|
| Internet Explorer 11 | [SecGuide](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baselines-for-windows-8-1-windows-server-2012-r2-and-internet-explorer-11-final) | [SCT 1.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319) |
| Name | Details | Security Tools | | Exchange Server 2010 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/hh913521(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=53353) |
|---------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Exchange Server 2007 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/hh913520(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=53353) |
| Internet Explorer 11 | [SecGuide](/archive/blogs/secguide/security-baselines-for-windows-8-1-windows-server-2012-r2-and-internet-explorer-11-final) | [SCT 1.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319) | | Microsoft Office 2010 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/gg288965(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=53353) |
| Internet Explorer 10 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/jj898540(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) | | Microsoft Office 2007 SP2 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc500475(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=53353) |
| Internet Explorer 9 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/hh539027(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) |
| Internet Explorer 8 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/ee712766(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) |
| Exchange Server 2010 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/hh913521(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) |
| Exchange Server 2007 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/hh913520(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) |
| Microsoft Office 2010 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/gg288965(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) |
| Microsoft Office 2007 SP2 | [Technet](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc500475(v=technet.10)) | [SCM 4.0](/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc936627(v=technet.10)) |
<br />
> [!NOTE] > [!NOTE]
> Browser baselines are built-in to new OS versions starting with Windows 10 > Browser baselines are built-in to new OS versions starting with Windows 10.
## See also ## See also
[Windows security baselines](windows-security-baselines.md) [Windows security baselines](windows-security-baselines.md)

28
windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-smartscreen/microsoft-defender-smartscreen-overview.md
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@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
--- ---
title: Microsoft Defender SmartScreen overview (Windows) title: Microsoft Defender SmartScreen overview
description: Learn how Microsoft Defender SmartScreen protects against phishing or malware websites and applications, and the downloading of potentially malicious files. description: Learn how Microsoft Defender SmartScreen protects against phishing or malware websites and applications, and the downloading of potentially malicious files.
ms.prod: m365-security ms.prod: m365-security
ms.mktglfcycl: explore
ms.sitesec: library
ms.pagetype: security
author: mjcaparas author: mjcaparas
ms.author: macapara ms.author: macapara
audience: ITPro
ms.localizationpriority: high ms.localizationpriority: high
ms.reviewer: ms.reviewer:
manager: dansimp manager: dansimp
@ -19,7 +15,7 @@ adobe-target: true
**Applies to:** **Applies to:**
- Windows 10 - Windows 10
- Windows 11 - Windows 11
- Microsoft Edge - Microsoft Edge
@ -41,15 +37,15 @@ Microsoft Defender SmartScreen protects against phishing or malware websites and
Microsoft Defender SmartScreen provide an early warning system against websites that might engage in phishing attacks or attempt to distribute malware through a socially engineered attack. The primary benefits are: Microsoft Defender SmartScreen provide an early warning system against websites that might engage in phishing attacks or attempt to distribute malware through a socially engineered attack. The primary benefits are:
- **Anti-phishing and anti-malware support:** Microsoft Defender SmartScreen helps to protect users from sites that are reported to host phishing attacks or attempt to distribute malicious software. It can also help protect against deceptive advertisements, scam sites, and drive-by attacks. Drive-by attacks are web-based attacks that tend to start on a trusted site, targeting security vulnerabilities in commonly used software. Because drive-by attacks can happen even if the user does not click or download anything on the page, the danger often goes unnoticed. For more information about drive-by attacks, see [Evolving Microsoft Defender SmartScreen to protect you from drive-by attacks](https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2015/12/16/SmartScreen-drive-by-improvements/#3B7Bb8bzeAPq8hXE.97) - **Anti-phishing and anti-malware support:** Microsoft Defender SmartScreen helps to protect users from sites that are reported to host phishing attacks or attempt to distribute malicious software. It can also help protect against deceptive advertisements, scam sites, and drive-by attacks. Drive-by attacks are web-based attacks that tend to start on a trusted site, targeting security vulnerabilities in commonly used software. Because drive-by attacks can happen even if the user doesn't select or download anything on the page, the danger often goes unnoticed. For more information about drive-by attacks, see [Evolving Microsoft Defender SmartScreen to protect you from drive-by attacks](https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2015/12/16/SmartScreen-drive-by-improvements/).
- **Reputation-based URL and app protection:** Microsoft Defender SmartScreen evaluates a website's URLs to determine if they're known to distribute or host unsafe content. It also provides reputation checks for apps, checking downloaded programs and the digital signature used to sign a file. If a URL, a file, an app, or a certificate has an established reputation, users won't see any warnings. If, however, there's no reputation, the item is marked as a higher risk and presents a warning to the user. - **Reputation-based URL and app protection:** Microsoft Defender SmartScreen evaluates a website's URLs to determine if they're known to distribute or host unsafe content. It also provides reputation checks for apps, checking downloaded programs and the digital signature used to sign a file. If a URL, a file, an app, or a certificate has an established reputation, users won't see any warnings. If there's no reputation, the item is marked as a higher risk and presents a warning to the user.
- **Operating system integration:** Microsoft Defender SmartScreen is integrated into the Windows 10 operating system. It checks any files an app (including 3rd-party browsers and email clients) that attempts to download and run. - **Operating system integration:** Microsoft Defender SmartScreen is integrated into the Windows 10 operating system. It checks any files an app (including 3rd-party browsers and email clients) that attempts to download and run.
- **Improved heuristics and diagnostic data:** Microsoft Defender SmartScreen is constantly learning and endeavoring to stay up to date, so it can help to protect you against potentially malicious sites and files. - **Improved heuristics and diagnostic data:** Microsoft Defender SmartScreen is constantly learning and endeavoring to stay up to date, so it can help to protect you against potentially malicious sites and files.
- **Management through Group Policy and Microsoft Intune:** Microsoft Defender SmartScreen supports using both Group Policy and Microsoft Intune settings. For more info about all available settings, see [Available Microsoft Defender SmartScreen Group Policy and mobile device management (MDM) settings](microsoft-defender-smartscreen-available-settings.md). - **Management through group policy and Microsoft Intune:** Microsoft Defender SmartScreen supports using both group policy and Microsoft Intune settings. For more info about all available settings, see [Available Microsoft Defender SmartScreen group policy and mobile device management (MDM) settings](microsoft-defender-smartscreen-available-settings.md).
- **Blocking URLs associated with potentially unwanted applications:** In Microsoft Edge (based on Chromium), SmartScreen blocks URLs associated with potentially unwanted applications, or PUAs. For more information on blocking URLs associated with PUAs, see [Detect and block potentially unwanted applications](/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/detect-block-potentially-unwanted-apps-microsoft-defender-antivirus). - **Blocking URLs associated with potentially unwanted applications:** In Microsoft Edge (based on Chromium), SmartScreen blocks URLs associated with potentially unwanted applications, or PUAs. For more information on blocking URLs associated with PUAs, see [Detect and block potentially unwanted applications](/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/detect-block-potentially-unwanted-apps-microsoft-defender-antivirus).
@ -58,7 +54,7 @@ Microsoft Defender SmartScreen provide an early warning system against websites
## Submit files to Microsoft Defender SmartScreen for review ## Submit files to Microsoft Defender SmartScreen for review
If you believe a warning or block was incorrectly shown for a file or application, or if you believe an undetected file is malware, you can [submit a file](https://www.microsoft.com/wdsi/filesubmission/) to Microsoft for review. For more information, see [Submit files for analysis](../intelligence/submission-guide.md). If you believe a warning or block was incorrectly shown for a file or application, or if you believe an undetected file is malware, you can [submit a file](https://www.microsoft.com/wdsi/filesubmission/) to Microsoft for review. For more information, see [Submit files for analysis](/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/submission-guide).
When submitting Microsoft Defender SmartScreen products, make sure to select **Microsoft Defender SmartScreen** from the product menu. When submitting Microsoft Defender SmartScreen products, make sure to select **Microsoft Defender SmartScreen** from the product menu.
@ -72,6 +68,7 @@ When submitting Microsoft Defender SmartScreen products, make sure to select **M
When Microsoft Defender SmartScreen warns or blocks a user from a website, it's logged as [Event 1035 - Anti-Phishing](/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/compatibility/dd565657(v=vs.85)). When Microsoft Defender SmartScreen warns or blocks a user from a website, it's logged as [Event 1035 - Anti-Phishing](/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/compatibility/dd565657(v=vs.85)).
## Viewing Windows event logs for Microsoft Defender SmartScreen ## Viewing Windows event logs for Microsoft Defender SmartScreen
Microsoft Defender SmartScreen events appear in the Microsoft-Windows-SmartScreen/Debug log, in the Event Viewer. Microsoft Defender SmartScreen events appear in the Microsoft-Windows-SmartScreen/Debug log, in the Event Viewer.
Windows event log for SmartScreen is disabled by default, users can use Event Viewer UI to enable the log or use the command line to enable it: Windows event log for SmartScreen is disabled by default, users can use Event Viewer UI to enable the log or use the command line to enable it:
@ -83,15 +80,14 @@ wevtutil sl Microsoft-Windows-SmartScreen/Debug /e:true
> [!NOTE] > [!NOTE]
> For information on how to use the Event Viewer, see [Windows Event Viewer](/host-integration-server/core/windows-event-viewer1). > For information on how to use the Event Viewer, see [Windows Event Viewer](/host-integration-server/core/windows-event-viewer1).
| EventID | Description | | EventID | Description |
|---|---| |---|---|
| 1000 | Application Windows Defender SmartScreen Event | | 1000 | Application Windows Defender SmartScreen Event |
| 1001 | Uri Windows Defender SmartScreen Event | | 1001 | Uri Windows Defender SmartScreen Event |
| 1002 | User Decision Windows Defender SmartScreen Event | | 1002 | User Decision Windows Defender SmartScreen Event |
## Related topics ## Related articles
- [SmartScreen Frequently Asked Questions](https://fb.smartscreen.microsoft.com/smartscreenfaq.aspx)
- [Threat protection](../index.md) - [SmartScreen frequently asked questions](https://fb.smartscreen.microsoft.com/smartscreenfaq.aspx)
- [Available Microsoft Defender SmartScreen Group Policy and mobile device management (MDM) settings](/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-smartscreen/windows-defender-smartscreen-available-settings) - [Available Microsoft Defender SmartScreen group policy and mobile device management (MDM) settings](microsoft-defender-smartscreen-available-settings.md)
- [Configuration service provider reference](/windows/client-management/mdm/configuration-service-provider-reference.md#configuration-service-provider-reference) - [Configuration service provider reference](/windows/client-management/mdm/configuration-service-provider-reference)

38
windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/AppIdTagging/deploy-appid-tagging-policies.md
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@ -1,14 +1,8 @@
--- ---
title: Deploying Windows Defender Application Control AppId Tagging policies (Windows) title: Deploying Windows Defender Application Control AppId tagging policies
description: How to deploy your WDAC AppId Tagging policies locally and globally within your managed environment description: How to deploy your WDAC AppId tagging policies locally and globally within your managed environment.
keywords: security, malware
ms.assetid: 8d6e0474-c475-411b-b095-1c61adb2bdbb
ms.prod: m365-security ms.prod: m365-security
ms.mktglfcycl: deploy
ms.sitesec: library
ms.pagetype: security
ms.localizationpriority: medium ms.localizationpriority: medium
audience: ITPro
ms.collection: M365-security-compliance ms.collection: M365-security-compliance
author: jgeurten author: jgeurten
ms.reviewer: jsuther1974 ms.reviewer: jsuther1974
@ -18,35 +12,35 @@ ms.date: 04/29/2022
ms.technology: windows-sec ms.technology: windows-sec
--- ---
# Deploying Windows Defender Application Control AppId Tagging policies (Windows) # Deploying Windows Defender Application Control AppId tagging policies
**Applies to:** **Applies to:**
- Windows 10 - Windows 10
- Windows 11 - Windows 11
- Windows Server 2016 and above - Windows Server 2016 and later
> [!NOTE] > [!NOTE]
> Some capabilities of Windows Defender Application Control are only available on specific Windows versions. Learn more about the [Windows Defender Application Control feature availability](../feature-availability.md). > Some capabilities of Windows Defender Application Control are only available on specific Windows versions. For more information, see [Windows Defender Application Control feature availability](../feature-availability.md).
Similar to Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policies, WDAC AppId Tagging policies can be deployed locally and to your managed endpoints several ways. Once you've created your AppId Tagging policy, use one of the following methods to deploy: Similar to Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policies, WDAC AppId tagging policies can be deployed locally and to your managed endpoints several ways. Once you've created your AppId tagging policy, use one of the following methods to deploy:
1. [Deploy AppId Tagging Policies with MDM](#deploy-appid-tagging-policies-with-mdm) 1. [Deploy AppId tagging policies with MDM](#deploy-appid-tagging-policies-with-mdm)
1. [Deploy policies with Configuration Manager](#deploy-appid-tagging-policies-with-configuration-manager) 1. [Deploy policies with Configuration Manager](#deploy-appid-tagging-policies-with-configuration-manager)
1. [Deploy policies using scripting](#deploy-appid-tagging-policies-via-scripting) 1. [Deploy policies using scripting](#deploy-appid-tagging-policies-via-scripting)
1. [Deploy using the ApplicationControl CSP](#deploying-policies-via-the-applicationcontrol-csp) 1. [Deploy using the ApplicationControl CSP](#deploying-policies-via-the-applicationcontrol-csp)
## Deploy AppId Tagging Policies with MDM ## Deploy AppId tagging policies with MDM
Custom AppId Tagging policies can be deployed to endpoints using [the OMA-URI feature in MDM](../deployment/deploy-windows-defender-application-control-policies-using-intune.md#deploy-wdac-policies-with-custom-oma-uri). Custom AppId tagging policies can be deployed to endpoints using [the OMA-URI feature in MDM](../deployment/deploy-windows-defender-application-control-policies-using-intune.md#deploy-wdac-policies-with-custom-oma-uri).
## Deploy AppId Tagging Policies with Configuration Manager ## Deploy AppId tagging policies with Configuration Manager
Custom AppId Tagging policies can deployed via Configuration Manager using the [deployment task sequences](/deployment/deploy-windows-defender-application-control-policies-with-memcm.md#deploy-custom-wdac-policies-using-packagesprograms-or-task-sequences), policies can be deployed to your managed endpoints and users. Custom AppId tagging policies can be deployed via Configuration Manager using the [deployment task sequences](../deployment/deploy-wdac-policies-with-memcm.md#deploy-custom-wdac-policies-using-packagesprograms-or-task-sequences), policies can be deployed to your managed endpoints and users.
### Deploy AppId Tagging Policies via Scripting ### Deploy AppId tagging Policies via Scripting
Scripting hosts can be used to deploy AppId Tagging policies as well. This approach is often best suited for local deployment, but works for deployment to managed endpoints and users too. The [Deploy Windows Defender Application Control policies using script article](/deployment/deploy-wdac-policies-with-script.md) describes how to deploy WDAC AppId Tagging policies via scripting. Only the method for deploying to version 1903 and above is applicable for AppId Tagging policies. Scripting hosts can be used to deploy AppId tagging policies as well. This approach is often best suited for local deployment, but works for deployment to managed endpoints and users too. For more information on how to deploy WDAC AppId tagging policies via scripting, see [Deploy WDAC policies using script](../deployment/deploy-wdac-policies-with-script.md). For AppId tagging policies, the only applicable method is deploying to version 1903 or later.
### Deploying policies via the ApplicationControl CSP ### Deploying policies via the ApplicationControl CSP
@ -57,4 +51,4 @@ However, when policies are unenrolled from an MDM server, the CSP will attempt t
For more information, see [ApplicationControl CSP](/windows/client-management/mdm/applicationcontrol-csp) to deploy multiple policies, and optionally use Microsoft Endpoint Manager Intune's Custom OMA-URI capability. For more information, see [ApplicationControl CSP](/windows/client-management/mdm/applicationcontrol-csp) to deploy multiple policies, and optionally use Microsoft Endpoint Manager Intune's Custom OMA-URI capability.
> [!NOTE] > [!NOTE]
> WMI and GP do not currently support multiple policies. Instead, customers who can't directly access the MDM stack should use the [ApplicationControl CSP via the MDM Bridge WMI Provider](/windows/client-management/mdm/applicationcontrol-csp#powershell-and-wmi-bridge-usage-guidance) to manage Multiple Policy Format Windows Defender Application Control policies. > WMI and GP don't currently support multiple policies. If you can't directly access the MDM stack, use the [ApplicationControl CSP via the MDM Bridge WMI Provider](/windows/client-management/mdm/applicationcontrol-csp#powershell-and-wmi-bridge-usage-guidance) to manage multiple policy format Windows Defender Application Control policies.

4
windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/event-id-explanations.md
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
--- ---
title: Understanding Application Control event IDs (Windows) title: Understanding Application Control event IDs
description: Learn what different Windows Defender Application Control event IDs signify. description: Learn what different Windows Defender Application Control event IDs signify.
ms.prod: m365-security ms.prod: m365-security
ms.technology: windows-sec ms.technology: windows-sec
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ A Windows Defender Application Control policy logs events locally in Windows Eve
| Event ID | Explanation | | Event ID | Explanation |
|--------|-----------| |--------|-----------|
| 8028 | This event indicates that a script host, such as PowerShell, queried Application Control about a file the script host was about to run. Since the policy was in audit mode, the script or MSI file should have run. Some script hosts may have additional information in their logs. Note: Most third-party script hosts don't integrate with Application Control. Consider the risks from unverified scripts when choosing which script hosts you allow to run. | | 8028 | This event indicates that a script host, such as PowerShell, queried Application Control about a file the script host was about to run. Since the policy was in audit mode, the script or MSI file should have run. Some script hosts may have additional information in their logs. Note: Most third-party script hosts don't integrate with Application Control. Consider the risks from unverified scripts when choosing which script hosts you allow to run. |
| 8029 | This event is the enforcement mode equivalent of event 8028 described above. Note: While this event says that a script was blocked, the actual script enforcement behavior is implemented by the script host. The script host may allow the file to run with restrictions and not block the file outright. For example, PowerShell will allow a script to run but only in [Constrained Language Mode](/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_language_modes.md). | | 8029 | This event is the enforcement mode equivalent of event 8028 described above. Note: While this event says that a script was blocked, the actual script enforcement behavior is implemented by the script host. The script host may allow the file to run with restrictions and not block the file outright. For example, PowerShell will allow a script to run but only in [Constrained Language Mode](/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_language_modes). |
| 8036| COM object was blocked. To learn more about COM object authorization, see [Allow COM object registration in a Windows Defender Application Control policy](allow-com-object-registration-in-windows-defender-application-control-policy.md). | | 8036| COM object was blocked. To learn more about COM object authorization, see [Allow COM object registration in a Windows Defender Application Control policy](allow-com-object-registration-in-windows-defender-application-control-policy.md). |
| 8038 | Signing information event correlated with either an 8028 or 8029 event. One 8038 event is generated for each signature of a script file. Contains the total number of signatures on a script file and an index as to which signature it is. Unsigned script files will generate a single 8038 event with TotalSignatureCount 0. 8038 events are correlated with 8028 and 8029 events and can be matched using the `Correlation ActivityID` found in the **System** portion of the event. | | 8038 | Signing information event correlated with either an 8028 or 8029 event. One 8038 event is generated for each signature of a script file. Contains the total number of signatures on a script file and an index as to which signature it is. Unsigned script files will generate a single 8038 event with TotalSignatureCount 0. 8038 events are correlated with 8028 and 8029 events and can be matched using the `Correlation ActivityID` found in the **System** portion of the event. |

39
windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-security-center/windows-defender-security-center.md
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@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
--- ---
title: The Windows Security app title: The Windows Security app
description: The Windows Security app brings together common Windows security features into one place description: The Windows Security app brings together common Windows security features into one place.
keywords: wdav, smartscreen, antivirus, wdsc, firewall, device health, performance, Edge, browser, family, parental options, security, windows
search.product: eADQiWindows 10XVcnh search.product: eADQiWindows 10XVcnh
ms.prod: m365-security ms.prod: m365-security
ms.mktglfcycl: manage
ms.sitesec: library
ms.localizationpriority: medium ms.localizationpriority: medium
author: dansimp author: dansimp
ms.author: dansimp ms.author: dansimp
@ -35,15 +32,15 @@ In Windows 10, version 1803, the app has two new areas: **Account protection** a
![Screenshot of the Windows Security app showing that the device is protected and five icons for each of the features.](images/security-center-home.png) ![Screenshot of the Windows Security app showing that the device is protected and five icons for each of the features.](images/security-center-home.png)
> [!NOTE] > [!NOTE]
> The Windows Security app is a client interface on Windows 10, version 1703 and later. It is not the Microsoft Defender Security Center web portal console that is used to review and manage [Microsoft Defender for Endpoint](/windows/threat-protection/windows-defender-atp/windows-defender-advanced-threat-protection). > The Windows Security app is a client interface on Windows 10, version 1703 and later. It is not the Microsoft Defender Security Center web portal console that is used to review and manage [Microsoft Defender for Endpoint](/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/).
You can't uninstall the Windows Security app, but you can do one of the following: You can't uninstall the Windows Security app, but you can do one of the following actions:
- Disable the interface on Windows Server 2016. See [Microsoft Defender Antivirus on Windows Server](/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/microsoft-defender-antivirus-on-windows-server). - Disable the interface on Windows Server 2016.
- Hide all of the sections on client computers (see below). - Hide all of the sections on client computers.
- Disable Microsoft Defender Antivirus, if needed. See [Enable and configure Microsoft Defender AV always-on protection and monitoring](/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/configure-real-time-protection-microsoft-defender-antivirus). - Disable Microsoft Defender Antivirus, if needed. For more information, see [Enable and configure Microsoft Defender Antivirus always-on protection in group policy](/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/configure-real-time-protection-microsoft-defender-antivirus).
You can find more information about each section, including options for configuring the sections - such as hiding each of the sections - at the following topics: For more information about each section, options for configuring the sections, and how to hide each of them, see the following articles:
- [Virus & threat protection](wdsc-virus-threat-protection.md), which has information and access to antivirus ransomware protection settings and notifications, including Controlled folder access, and sign-in to Microsoft OneDrive. - [Virus & threat protection](wdsc-virus-threat-protection.md), which has information and access to antivirus ransomware protection settings and notifications, including Controlled folder access, and sign-in to Microsoft OneDrive.
- [Account protection](wdsc-account-protection.md), which has information and access to sign-in and account protection settings. - [Account protection](wdsc-account-protection.md), which has information and access to sign-in and account protection settings.
@ -51,16 +48,16 @@ You can find more information about each section, including options for configur
- [App & browser control](wdsc-app-browser-control.md), covering Windows Defender SmartScreen settings and Exploit protection mitigations. - [App & browser control](wdsc-app-browser-control.md), covering Windows Defender SmartScreen settings and Exploit protection mitigations.
- [Device security](wdsc-device-security.md), which provides access to built-in device security settings. - [Device security](wdsc-device-security.md), which provides access to built-in device security settings.
- [Device performance & health](wdsc-device-performance-health.md), which has information about drivers, storage space, and general Windows Update issues. - [Device performance & health](wdsc-device-performance-health.md), which has information about drivers, storage space, and general Windows Update issues.
- [Family options](wdsc-family-options.md), which includes access to parental controls along with tips and information for keeping kids safe online. - [Family options](wdsc-family-options.md), which include access to parental controls along with tips and information for keeping kids safe online.
> [!NOTE] > [!NOTE]
> If you hide all sections then the app will show a restricted interface, as in the following screenshot: > If you hide all sections then the app will show a restricted interface, as in the following screenshot:
> >
> ![Windows Security app with all sections hidden by Group Policy.](images/wdsc-all-hide.png) > ![Windows Security app with all sections hidden by group policy.](images/wdsc-all-hide.png)
## Open the Windows Security app ## Open the Windows Security app
- Click the icon in the notification area on the taskbar. - Select the icon in the notification area on the taskbar.
![Screenshot of the icon for the Windows Security app on the Windows task bar.](images/security-center-taskbar.png) ![Screenshot of the icon for the Windows Security app on the Windows task bar.](images/security-center-taskbar.png)
- Search the Start menu for **Windows Security**. - Search the Start menu for **Windows Security**.
@ -71,23 +68,23 @@ You can find more information about each section, including options for configur
![Screenshot of Windows Settings showing the different areas available in the Windows Security.](images/settings-windows-defender-security-center-areas.png) ![Screenshot of Windows Settings showing the different areas available in the Windows Security.](images/settings-windows-defender-security-center-areas.png)
> [!NOTE] > [!NOTE]
> Settings configured with management tools, such as Group Policy, Microsoft Intune, or Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager, will generally take precedence over the settings in the Windows Security. See the topics for each of the sections for links to configuring the associated features or products. > Settings configured with management tools, such as group policy, Microsoft Intune, or Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager, will generally take precedence over the settings in the Windows Security.
## How the Windows Security app works with Windows security features ## How the Windows Security app works with Windows security features
> [!IMPORTANT] > [!IMPORTANT]
> Microsoft Defender Antivirus and the Windows Security app use similarly named services for specific purposes. > Microsoft Defender Antivirus and the Windows Security app use similarly named services for specific purposes.
> >
> The Windows Security app uses the Windows Security Service (*SecurityHealthService* or *Windows Security Health Service*), which in turn utilizes the Windows Security Center Service ([*wscsvc*](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-xp/bb457154(v=technet.10)#EDAA)) to ensure the app provides the most up-to-date information about the protection status on the endpoint, including protection offered by third-party antivirus products, Windows Defender Firewall, third-party firewalls, and other security protection. > The Windows Security app uses the Windows Security Service (*SecurityHealthService* or *Windows Security Health Service*), which in turn utilizes the Windows Security Center Service (*wscsvc*). This service makes sure that the app provides the most up-to-date information about the protection status on the endpoint. This information includes protection offered by third-party antivirus products, Windows Defender Firewall, third-party firewalls, and other security protection.
> >
>These services do not affect the state of Microsoft Defender Antivirus. Disabling or modifying these services will not disable Microsoft Defender Antivirus, and will lead to a lowered protection state on the endpoint, even if you are using a third-party antivirus product. > These services don't affect the state of Microsoft Defender Antivirus. Disabling or modifying these services won't disable Microsoft Defender Antivirus. It will lead to a lowered protection state on the endpoint, even if you're using a third-party antivirus product.
> >
>Microsoft Defender Antivirus will be [disabled automatically when a third-party antivirus product is installed and kept up to date](/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/microsoft-defender-antivirus-compatibility). > Microsoft Defender Antivirus will be [disabled automatically when a third-party antivirus product is installed and kept up to date](/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/microsoft-defender-antivirus-compatibility).
> >
> Disabling the Windows Security Center Service will not disable Microsoft Defender Antivirus or [Windows Defender Firewall](../windows-firewall/windows-firewall-with-advanced-security.md). > Disabling the Windows Security Center Service won't disable Microsoft Defender Antivirus or [Windows Defender Firewall](../windows-firewall/windows-firewall-with-advanced-security.md).
> [!WARNING] > [!WARNING]
> If you disable the Windows Security Center Service, or configure its associated Group Policy settings to prevent it from starting or running, the Windows Security app may display stale or inaccurate information about any antivirus or firewall products you have installed on the device. > If you disable the Windows Security Center Service, or configure its associated group policy settings to prevent it from starting or running, the Windows Security app may display stale or inaccurate information about any antivirus or firewall products you have installed on the device.
> >
> It may also prevent Microsoft Defender Antivirus from enabling itself if you have an old or outdated third-party antivirus, or if you uninstall any third-party antivirus products you may have previously installed. > It may also prevent Microsoft Defender Antivirus from enabling itself if you have an old or outdated third-party antivirus, or if you uninstall any third-party antivirus products you may have previously installed.
> >
@ -97,9 +94,9 @@ The Windows Security app operates as a separate app or process from each of the
It acts as a collector or single place to see the status and perform some configuration for each of the features. It acts as a collector or single place to see the status and perform some configuration for each of the features.
Disabling any of the individual features (through Group Policy or other management tools, such as Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager) will prevent that feature from reporting its status in the Windows Security app. The Windows Security app itself will still run and show status for the other security features. If you disable any of the individual features, it will prevent that feature from reporting its status in the Windows Security app. For example, if you disable a feature through group policy or other management tools, such as Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager. The Windows Security app itself will still run and show status for the other security features.
> [!IMPORTANT] > [!IMPORTANT]
> Individually disabling any of the services will not disable the other services or the Windows Security app. > If you individually disable any of the services, it won't disable the other services or the Windows Security app.
For example, [using a third-party antivirus will disable Microsoft Defender Antivirus](/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/microsoft-defender-antivirus-compatibility). However, the Windows Security app will still run, show its icon in the taskbar, and display information about the other features, such as Windows Defender SmartScreen and Windows Defender Firewall. For example, [using a third-party antivirus will disable Microsoft Defender Antivirus](/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/microsoft-defender-antivirus-compatibility). However, the Windows Security app will still run, show its icon in the taskbar, and display information about the other features, such as Windows Defender SmartScreen and Windows Defender Firewall.

66
windows/security/threat-protection/windows-security-configuration-framework/windows-security-baselines.md
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@ -15,68 +15,66 @@ ms.technology: windows-sec
# Security baselines # Security baselines
## Using security baselines in your organization
## Using security baselines in your organization Microsoft is dedicated to providing its customers with secure operating systems, such as Windows and Windows Server, and secure apps, such as Microsoft 365 apps for enterprise and Microsoft Edge. In addition to the security assurance of its products, Microsoft also enables you to have fine control over your environments by providing various configuration capabilities.
Microsoft is dedicated to providing its customers with secure operating systems, such as Windows and Windows Server, and secure apps, such as Microsoft 365 apps for enterprise and Microsoft Edge. In addition to the security assurance of its products, Microsoft also enables you to have fine control over your environments by providing various configuration capabilities.
Even though Windows and Windows Server are designed to be secure out-of-the-box, many organizations still want more granular control over their security configurations. To navigate the large number of controls, organizations need guidance on configuring various security features. Microsoft provides this guidance in the form of security baselines. Even though Windows and Windows Server are designed to be secure out-of-the-box, many organizations still want more granular control over their security configurations. To navigate the large number of controls, organizations need guidance on configuring various security features. Microsoft provides this guidance in the form of security baselines.
We recommend that you implement an industry-standard configuration that is broadly known and well-tested, such as Microsoft security baselines, as opposed to creating a baseline yourself. This industry-standard configuration helps increase flexibility and reduce costs. We recommend that you implement an industry-standard configuration that is broadly known and well-tested, such as Microsoft security baselines, as opposed to creating a baseline yourself. This industry-standard configuration helps increase flexibility and reduce costs.
Here's a good blog about [Sticking with Well-Known and Proven Solutions](/archive/blogs/fdcc/sticking-with-well-known-and-proven-solutions). For more information, see the following blog post: [Sticking with well-known and proven solutions](/archive/blogs/fdcc/sticking-with-well-known-and-proven-solutions).
## What are security baselines? ## What are security baselines?
Every organization faces security threats. However, the types of security threats that are of most concern to one organization can be different from another organization. For example, an e-commerce company may focus on protecting its Internet-facing web apps, while a hospital may focus on protecting confidential patient information. The one thing that all organizations have in common is a need to keep their apps and devices secure. These devices must be compliant with the security standards (or security baselines) defined by the organization. Every organization faces security threats. However, the types of security threats that are of most concern to one organization can be different from another organization. For example, an e-commerce company may focus on protecting its internet-facing web apps, while a hospital may focus on protecting confidential patient information. The one thing that all organizations have in common is a need to keep their apps and devices secure. These devices must be compliant with the security standards (or security baselines) defined by the organization.
A security baseline is a group of Microsoft-recommended configuration settings that explains their security impact. These settings are based on feedback from Microsoft security engineering teams, product groups, partners, and customers. A security baseline is a group of Microsoft-recommended configuration settings that explains their security implication. These settings are based on feedback from Microsoft security engineering teams, product groups, partners, and customers.
## Why are security baselines needed? ## Why are security baselines needed?
Security baselines are an essential benefit to customers because they bring together expert knowledge from Microsoft, partners, and customers. Security baselines are an essential benefit to customers because they bring together expert knowledge from Microsoft, partners, and customers.
For example, there are over 3,000 Group Policy settings for Windows 10, which doesn't include over 1,800 Internet Explorer 11 settings. Of these 4,800 settings, only some are security-related. Although Microsoft provides extensive guidance on different security features, exploring each one can take a long time. You would have to determine the security impact of each setting on your own. Then, you would still need to determine the appropriate value for each setting. For example, there are over 3,000 group policy settings for Windows 10, which doesn't include over 1,800 Internet Explorer 11 settings. Of these 4,800 settings, only some are security-related. Although Microsoft provides extensive guidance on different security features, exploring each one can take a long time. You would have to determine the security implication of each setting on your own. Then, you would still need to determine the appropriate value for each setting.
In modern organizations, the security threat landscape is constantly evolving, and IT pros and policy-makers must keep up with security threats and make required changes to security settings to help mitigate these threats. To enable faster deployments and make managing Microsoft products easier, Microsoft provides customers with security baselines that are available in consumable formats, such as Group Policy Objects Backups. In modern organizations, the security threat landscape is constantly evolving, and IT pros and policy-makers must keep up with security threats and make required changes to security settings to help mitigate these threats. To enable faster deployments and make managing Microsoft products easier, Microsoft provides customers with security baselines that are available in consumable formats, such as group policy object backups.
## Baseline principles ## Baseline principles
Our recommendations follow a streamlined and efficient approach to baseline definitions. The foundation of that approach is essentially: Our recommendations follow a streamlined and efficient approach to baseline definitions. The foundation of that approach is essentially:
- The baselines are designed for well-managed, security-conscious organizations in which standard end users don't have administrative rights.
- A baseline enforces a setting only if it mitigates a contemporary security threat and doesn't cause operational issues that are worse than the risks they mitigate.
- A baseline enforces a default only if it's otherwise likely to be set to an insecure state by an authorized user:
- If a non-administrator can set an insecure state, enforce the default.
- If setting an insecure state requires administrative rights, enforce the default only if it's likely that a misinformed administrator will otherwise choose poorly.
## How can you use security baselines? - The baselines are designed for well-managed, security-conscious organizations in which standard end users don't have administrative rights.
- A baseline enforces a setting only if it mitigates a contemporary security threat and doesn't cause operational issues that are worse than the risks they mitigate.
- A baseline enforces a default only if it's otherwise likely to be set to an insecure state by an authorized user:
- If a non-administrator can set an insecure state, enforce the default.
- If setting an insecure state requires administrative rights, enforce the default only if it's likely that a misinformed administrator will otherwise choose poorly.
You can use security baselines to: ## How can you use security baselines?
- Ensure that user and device configuration settings are compliant with the baseline.
- Set configuration settings. For example, you can use Group Policy, Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager, or Microsoft Intune to configure a device with the setting values specified in the baseline.
## Where can I get the security baselines? You can use security baselines to:
- Ensure that user and device configuration settings are compliant with the baseline.
- Set configuration settings. For example, you can use group policy, Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager, or Microsoft Intune to configure a device with the setting values specified in the baseline.
## Where can I get the security baselines?
There are several ways to get and use security baselines: There are several ways to get and use security baselines:
1. You can download the security baselines from the [Microsoft Download Center](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319). This download page is for the Security Compliance Toolkit (SCT), which comprises tools that can assist admins in managing baselines in addition to the security baselines. The security baselines are included in the [Security Compliance Toolkit (SCT)](security-compliance-toolkit-10.md), which can be downloaded from the Microsoft Download Center. The SCT also includes tools to help admins manage the security baselines. You can also [Get Support for the security baselines](get-support-for-security-baselines.md) 1. You can download the security baselines from the [Microsoft Download Center](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319). This download page is for the [Security Compliance Toolkit (SCT)](security-compliance-toolkit-10.md), which comprises tools that can assist admins in managing baselines in addition to the security baselines. The SCT also includes tools to help you manage the security baselines. You can also [get support for the security baselines](get-support-for-security-baselines.md)
2. [MDM (Mobile Device Management) security baselines](/windows/client-management/mdm/#mdm-security-baseline) function like the Microsoft group policy-based security baselines and can easily integrate these baselines into an existing MDM management tool. 2. [Mobile device management (MDM) security baselines](/windows/client-management/mdm/#mdm-security-baseline) function like the Microsoft group policy-based security baselines and can easily integrate these baselines into an existing MDM management tool.
3. MDM Security baselines can easily be configures in Microsoft Endpoint Manager on devices that run Windows 10 and 11. The following article provides the detail steps: [Windows MDM (Mobile Device Management) baselines](/mem/intune/protect/security-baseline-settings-mdm-all). 3. MDM security baselines can easily be configures in Microsoft Endpoint Manager on devices that run Windows 10 and Windows 11. For more information, see [List of the settings in the Windows 10/11 MDM security baseline in Intune](/mem/intune/protect/security-baseline-settings-mdm-all).
## Community ## Community
[![Microsoft Security Guidance Blog.](./../images/community.png)](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-security-baselines/bg-p/Microsoft-Security-Baselines) [![Microsoft Security Guidance Blog.](./../images/community.png)](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-security-baselines/bg-p/Microsoft-Security-Baselines)
## Related Videos ## Related videos
You may also be interested in this msdn channel 9 video: > [!VIDEO https://learn-video.azurefd.net/vod/player?show=defrag-tools&ep=174-security-baseline-policy-analyzer-lgpo]
- [Defrag Tools](https://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/Defrag-Tools/Defrag-Tools-174-Security-Baseline-Policy-Analyzer-and-LGPO)
## See Also ## See also
- [Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager](/configmgr/) - [Microsoft Security Guidance Blog](/archive/blogs/secguide/)
- [Azure Monitor](/azure/azure-monitor/) - [Microsoft Security Compliance Toolkit](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319)
- [Microsoft Security Guidance Blog](/archive/blogs/secguide/)
- [Microsoft Security Compliance Toolkit Download](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319)
- [Microsoft Download Center](https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=55319)