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windows/security/operating-system-security/network-security/windows-firewall/quarantine.md
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@ -7,15 +7,13 @@ ms.date: 09/08/2021
# Quarantine behavior
One of the security challenges that network admins face is configuring a machine properly after a network change.
One of the security challenges that network admins face is configuring a device properly after a network change.
Network changes can happen frequently. Additionally, the operations required to recategorize the network after a change and apply the correct security policies on a machine are non-trivial and may require considerable CPU time. This requirement by operations is especially true for machines that are part of the domain. In the past, the delay in applying security policies during network recategorization has been successfully exploited for vulnerabilities.
Network changes can happen frequently. The operations required to recategorize the network after a change, and apply the correct security policies on a device, are nontrivial and might require considerable CPU time. This requirement by operations is especially true for devices that are part of a domain. The delay in applying security policies during network recategorization can be exploited for vulnerabilities.
To counter this potential exploitation, Windows Firewall will quarantine an interface until the system has successfully recategorized the network, and Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) has the correct filters applied for the updated interface configuration. During quarantine, all new inbound connections without exceptions are blocked to the machine.
To counter the potential exploitation, Windows Firewall quarantines an interface until the system successfully recategorizes the network, and Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) has the correct filters applied for the updated interface configuration. During quarantine, all new inbound connections without exceptions are blocked.
While the quarantine feature has long been a part of Windows Firewall, the feature behavior has often caused confusion for customers unaware of quarantine and its motivations.
Ultimately, the goal of this document is to describe the quarantine feature at a high level and help network admins understand why the application traffic is sometimes blocked by quarantine.
This document describes the quarantine feature and explains why the application traffic could be blocked by quarantine.
## Quarantine filters
@ -25,28 +23,25 @@ The quarantine feature creates filters that can be split into three categories:
- Quarantine default exception filters
- Interface un-quarantine filters
These filters are added in the FWPM_SUBLAYER_MPSSVC_QUARANTINE sublayer and these layers are:
These filters are added in the `FWPM_SUBLAYER_MPSSVC_QUARANTINE` sublayer and these layers are:
1. FWPM_LAYER_ALE_AUTH_CONNECT_V4
2. FWPM_LAYER_ALE_AUTH_CONNECT_V6
3. FWPM_LAYER_ALE_AUTH_RECV_ACCEPT_V4
4. FWPM_LAYER_ALE_AUTH_RECV_ACCEPT_V6
1. `FWPM_LAYER_ALE_AUTH_CONNECT_V4`
1. `FWPM_LAYER_ALE_AUTH_CONNECT_V6`
1. `FWPM_LAYER_ALE_AUTH_RECV_ACCEPT_V4`
1. `FWPM_LAYER_ALE_AUTH_RECV_ACCEPT_V6`
>[!NOTE]
> Any firewall rules added by the customers will not affect the filters in the quarantine sublayer as filters from Firewall rules are added in the FWPM_SUBLAYER_MPSSVC_WF sublayer. In other words, customers cannot add their own exception filters to prevent packets from being evaluated by quarantine filters.
> Any firewall rules added by policy settings don't affect the filters in the quarantine sublayer. Filters from firewall rules are added in the `FWPM_SUBLAYER_MPSSVC_WF` sublayer. In other words, you can't add your own exception filters to prevent packets from being evaluated by quarantine filters.
For more information about WFP layers and sublayers, see [WFP Operation](/windows/win32/fwp/basic-operation).
### Quarantine default inbound block filter
The quarantine default inbound block filter effectively blocks any new non-loopback inbound connections if the packet isn't explicitly permitted by another filter in the quarantine sublayer.
The *quarantine default inbound block filter* blocks any new non-loopback inbound connections, unless the packet isn't explicitly permitted by another filter in the quarantine sublayer.
### Quarantine default exception filters
When the interface is in quarantine state, the quarantine default exception filters will permit new inbound connections given that they meet the conditions of an exception filter. One example of the exception filters is the quarantine default inbound loopback exception filter. This exception filter allows all loopback packets when the interface is in quarantine state.
When the interface is in quarantine state, the quarantine default exception filters permit new inbound connections given that they meet the conditions of an exception filter. One example of the exception filters is the quarantine default inbound loopback exception filter. This exception filter allows all loopback packets when the interface is in quarantine state.
### Interface un-quarantine filter
@ -54,25 +49,20 @@ The interface un-quarantine filters allow all non-loopback packets if the interf
## Quarantine flow
The following events describe the general flow of quarantine:
The following events describe the general flow of quarantine:
1. There's some change on the current network interface.
2. The interface un-quarantine filters will no longer permit new inbound connections. The interface is now in quarantine state.
3. All non-loopback inbound connections are either permitted by quarantine default exception filters or dropped by the quarantine default inbound block filter.
4. The WFP filters applicable to the old interface state are removed.
5. The WFP filters applicable to the new interface state are added, which include the un-quarantine filters for this interface. These filters are updated to match the interface's current state.
6. The interface has now exited quarantine state as the interface un-quarantine filters permit any new non-loopback packets.
1. There's some change on the current network interface
1. The interface un-quarantine filters don't permit new inbound connections. The interface is now in quarantine state
1. All non-loopback inbound connections are either permitted by quarantine default exception filters or dropped by the quarantine default inbound block filter
1. The WFP filters applicable to the old interface state are removed
1. The WFP filters applicable to the new interface state are added, which include the un-quarantine filters for this interface. These filters are updated to match the interface's current state
1. The interface has now exited quarantine state as the interface un-quarantine filters permit any new non-loopback packets
## Quarantine diagnostics
There are two methods of identifying packet drops from the quarantine default inbound block filter.
Given that the network connectivity issue is reproducible, diagnostic traces can be collected by running the following in an administrative command prompt:
Given that the network connectivity issue is reproducible, diagnostic traces can be collected by running the following in an administrative command prompt:
```console
Netsh wfp cap start
@ -82,17 +72,17 @@ Netsh wfp cap stop
These commands generate a wfpdiag.cab. Inside the .cab exists a wfpdiag.xml, which contains drop `netEvents` and filters that existed during that reproduction.
Inside the wfpdiag.xml, search for `netEvents` that have `FWPM_NET_EVENT_TYPE_CLASSIFY_DROP` as the `netEvent` type. To find the relevant drop events, search for the drop events with matching destination IP address, package SID, or application ID name.
Inside the wfpdiag.xml, search for `netEvents` that have `FWPM_NET_EVENT_TYPE_CLASSIFY_DROP` as the `netEvent` type. To find the relevant drop events, search for the drop events with matching destination IP address, package SID, or application ID name.
The characters in the application ID name will be separated by periods:
The characters in the application ID name are separated by periods:
```XML
<asString> \\.d.e.v.i.c.e.\\.h.a.r.d.d.i.s.k.v.o.l.u.m.e.1.\\.w.i.n.d.o.w.s.\\.s.y.s.t.e.m.3.2.\\.s.v.c.h.o.s.t...e.x.e... </asString>
```
The `netEvent` will have more information about the packet that was dropped including information about its capabilities, the filter that dropped the packet, and much more.
The `netEvent` contains more information about the dropped packet, including information about its capabilities, the filter that dropped the packet, and much more.
If the filter that dropped that packet was by the quarantine default inbound block filter, then the drop `netEvent` will have `filterOrigin` as `Quarantine Default`.
If the filter that dropped that packet was by the quarantine default inbound block filter, then the drop `netEvent` contains `filterOrigin` as `Quarantine Default`.
The following code is a sample `netEvent` with `filterOrigin` as `Quarantine Default`.
@ -170,10 +160,9 @@ The following code is a sample `netEvent` with `filterOrigin` as `Quarantine Def
<interfaceIndex>5</interfaceIndex>
</internalFields>
</netEvent>
```
Alternatively, If the Filtering Platform Connection failure auditing is enabled, the drop event will be logged in Windows Event Viewer.
Alternatively, If the Filtering Platform Connection failure auditing is enabled, the drop event is logged in Windows Event Viewer.
To enable Filtering Platform Connection audits, run the following command in an administrative command prompt:
@ -194,8 +183,8 @@ Get-NetIPInterface –InterfaceIndex 5
![Quarantine Interfaceindex.](images/quarantine-interfaceindex1.png)
With the help of the interface name, event viewer can be searched for any interface related changes.
With the help of the interface name, event viewer can be searched for any interface related changes.
To enable more networking audit events, see [Enable IPsec and Windows Firewall Audit Events](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/cc754714(v=ws.10)).
Packet drops from the quarantine default inbound block filter are often transient and don't signify anything more than a network change on the interface.
Packet drops from the quarantine default inbound block filter are often transient and don't signify anything more than a network change on the interface.