diff --git a/windows/deploy/TOC.md b/windows/deploy/TOC.md index 6eeb973c7f..38e3354323 100644 --- a/windows/deploy/TOC.md +++ b/windows/deploy/TOC.md @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ ## [Upgrade to Windows 10 with the Microsoft Deployment Toolkit](upgrade-to-windows-10-with-the-microsoft-deployment-toolkit.md) ## [Upgrade to Windows 10 with System Center Configuration Manager](upgrade-to-windows-10-with-system-center-configuraton-manager.md) ## [Resolve Windows 10 upgrade errors](resolve-windows-10-upgrade-errors.md) +## [Convert MBR partition to GPT](mbr-to-gpt.md) ## [Configure a PXE server to load Windows PE](configure-a-pxe-server-to-load-windows-pe.md) ## [Windows 10 upgrade paths](windows-10-upgrade-paths.md) ## [Windows 10 edition upgrade](windows-10-edition-upgrades.md) diff --git a/windows/deploy/change-history-for-deploy-windows-10.md b/windows/deploy/change-history-for-deploy-windows-10.md index a71d13e154..d2629f839f 100644 --- a/windows/deploy/change-history-for-deploy-windows-10.md +++ b/windows/deploy/change-history-for-deploy-windows-10.md @@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ author: greg-lindsay # Change history for Deploy Windows 10 This topic lists new and updated topics in the [Deploy Windows 10](index.md) documentation for [Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile](../index.md). +## March 2017 +| New or changed topic | Description | +|----------------------|-------------| +| [Convert MBR partition to GPT](mbr-to-gpt.md) | New | + ## February 2017 | New or changed topic | Description | |----------------------|-------------| diff --git a/windows/deploy/images/mbr2gpt-volume.PNG b/windows/deploy/images/mbr2gpt-volume.PNG new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d69bed87fb Binary files /dev/null and b/windows/deploy/images/mbr2gpt-volume.PNG differ diff --git a/windows/deploy/images/mbr2gpt-workflow.png b/windows/deploy/images/mbr2gpt-workflow.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7741cf0c3 Binary files /dev/null and b/windows/deploy/images/mbr2gpt-workflow.png differ diff --git a/windows/deploy/index.md b/windows/deploy/index.md index 3b669c973b..6660898fad 100644 --- a/windows/deploy/index.md +++ b/windows/deploy/index.md @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Learn about deploying Windows 10 for IT professionals. |[Upgrade to Windows 10 with the Microsoft Deployment Toolkit](upgrade-to-windows-10-with-the-microsoft-deployment-toolkit.md) |The simplest path to upgrade PCs that are currently running Windows 7, Windows 8, or Windows 8.1 to Windows 10 is through an in-place upgrade. You can use a Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT) 2013 Update 2 task sequence to completely automate the process. | |[Upgrade to Windows 10 with System Center Configuration Manager](upgrade-to-windows-10-with-system-center-configuraton-manager.md) |The simplest path to upgrade PCs currently running Windows 7, Windows 8, or Windows 8.1 to Windows 10 is through an in-place upgrade. You can use a System Center Configuration Manager task sequence to completely automate the process. | |[Resolve Windows 10 upgrade errors](resolve-windows-10-upgrade-errors.md) |This topic provides a brief introduction to Windows 10 installation processes, and provides resolution procedures that IT administrators can use to resolve issues with Windows 10 upgrade. | +|[Convert MBR partition to GPT](mbr-to-gpt.md) |This topic provides detailed instructions for using the MBR2GPT partition conversion tool. | |[Configure a PXE server to load Windows PE](configure-a-pxe-server-to-load-windows-pe.md) |This guide describes how to configure a PXE server to load Windows PE by booting a client computer from the network. | |[Windows 10 edition upgrade](windows-10-edition-upgrades.md) |With Windows 10, you can quickly upgrade from one edition of Windows 10 to another, provided the upgrade path is supported. | | [Provisioning packages for Windows 10](provisioning-packages.md) | Learn how to use the Windows Imaging and Configuration Designer (ICD) and provisioning packages to easily configure multiple devices. | diff --git a/windows/deploy/mbr-to-gpt.md b/windows/deploy/mbr-to-gpt.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5775e4b633 --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/deploy/mbr-to-gpt.md @@ -0,0 +1,384 @@ +--- +title: MBR2GPT +description: How to use the MBR2GPT tool to convert MBR partitions to GPT +keywords: deploy, troubleshoot, windows, 10, upgrade, partition, mbr, gpt +ms.prod: w10 +ms.mktglfcycl: deploy +ms.sitesec: library +ms.pagetype: deploy +author: greg-lindsay +localizationpriority: high +--- + +# MBR2GPT.EXE + +**Applies to** +- Windows 10 + +## Summary + +**MBR2GPT.EXE** converts a disk from Master Boot Record (MBR) to GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition style without modifying or deleting data on the disk. The tool is designed to be run from a Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE) command prompt, but can also be run from the full Windows 10 operating system (OS). + +You can use MBR2GPT to perform the following: + +- \[Within the Windows PE environment\]: Convert any attached MBR-formatted disk to GPT, including the system disk. +- \[From within the currently running OS\]: Convert any attached MBR-formatted disk to GPT, including the system disk. + +>MBR2GPT is available in Windows 10 version 1703, also known as Windows 10 Creator's Update, and later versions. +>The tool is available in both the full OS environment and Windows PE. + +You can use MBR2GPT to convert an MBR disk with BitLocker-encrypted volumes as long as protection has been suspended. To resume BitLocker after conversion, you will need to delete the existing protectors and recreate them. + +The MBR2GPT tool can convert operating system disks that have earlier versions of Windows installed, such as Windows 10 versions 1507, 1511, and 1607. However, you must run the tool while booted into Windows 10 version 1703 or later, and perform an offline conversion. + +>[!IMPORTANT] +>After the disk has been converted to GPT partition style, the firmware must be reconfigured to boot in UEFI mode.
Make sure that your device supports UEFI before attempting to convert the disk. + +## Syntax + + +
MBR2GPT /validate|convert [/disk:\] [/logs:\] [/map:\=\] [/allowFullOS] +
+ +### Options + +| Option | Description | +|----|-------------| +|/validate| Instructs MBR2GPT.exe to perform only the disk validation steps and report whether the disk is eligible for conversion. | +|/convert| Instructs MBR2GPT.exe to perform the disk validation and to proceed with the conversion if all validation tests pass. | +|/disk:\| Specifies the disk number of the disk to be converted to GPT. If not specified, the system disk is used. The mechanism used is the same as that used by the diskpart.exe tool **SELECT DISK SYSTEM** command.| +|/logs:\| Specifies the directory where MBR2GPT.exe logs should be written. If not specified, **%windir%** is used. If specified, the directory must already exist, it will not be automatically created or overwritten.| +|/map:\=\| Specifies additional partition type mappings between MBR and GPT. The MBR partition number is specified in decimal notation, not hexidecimal. The GPT GUID can contain brackets, for example: **/map:42={af9b60a0-1431-4f62-bc68-3311714a69ad}**. Multiple /map options can be specified if multiple mappings are required. | +|/allowFullOS| By default, MBR2GPT.exe is blocked unless it is run from Windows PE. This option overrides this block and enables disk conversion while running in the full Windows environment.| + +## Examples + +### Validation example + +In the following example, disk 0 is validated for conversion. Errors and warnings are logged to the default location, **%windir%**. + +``` +X:\>mbr2gpt /validate /disk:0 +MBR2GPT: Attempting to validate disk 0 +MBR2GPT: Retrieving layout of disk +MBR2GPT: Validating layout, disk sector size is: 512 +MBR2GPT: Validation completed successfully +``` + +### Conversion example + +In the following example: + +1. The current disk partition layout is displayed prior to conversion - three partitions are present on the MBR disk (disk 0): a system reserved partition, a Windows partition, and a recovery partition. A DVD-ROM is also present as volume 0. +2. The OS volume is selected, partitions are listed, and partition details are displayed for the OS partition. The [MBR partition type](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa363990.aspx) is **07** corresponding to the installable file system (IFS) type. +2. The MBR2GPT tool is used to convert disk 0. +3. The DISKPART tool displays that disk 0 is now using the GPT format. +4. The new disk layout is displayed - four partitions are present on the GPT disk: three are identical to the previous partitions and one is the new EFI system partition (volume 3). +5. The OS volume is selected again, and detail displays that it has been converted to the [GPT partition type](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa365449.aspx) of **ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7** corresponding to the **PARTITION_BASIC_DATA_GUID** type. + +>As noted in the output from the MBR2GPT tool, you must make changes to the computer firmware so that the new EFI system partition will boot properly. + +``` +DISKPART> list volume + + Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info + ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------- + Volume 0 F CENA_X64FRE UDF DVD-ROM 4027 MB Healthy + Volume 1 C System Rese NTFS Partition 499 MB Healthy + Volume 2 D Windows NTFS Partition 58 GB Healthy + Volume 3 E Recovery NTFS Partition 612 MB Healthy Hidden + +DISKPART> select volume 2 + +Volume 2 is the selected volume. + +DISKPART> list partition + + Partition ### Type Size Offset + ------------- ---------------- ------- ------- + Partition 1 Primary 499 MB 1024 KB +* Partition 2 Primary 58 GB 500 MB + Partition 3 Recovery 612 MB 59 GB + +DISKPART> detail partition + +Partition 2 +Type : 07 +Hidden: No +Active: No +Offset in Bytes: 524288000 + + Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info + ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------- +* Volume 2 D Windows NTFS Partition 58 GB Healthy + +DISKPART> exit + +Leaving DiskPart... + +X:\>mbr2gpt /convert /disk:0 + +MBR2GPT will now attempt to convert disk 0. +If conversion is successful the disk can only be booted in GPT mode. +These changes cannot be undone! + +MBR2GPT: Attempting to convert disk 0 +MBR2GPT: Retrieving layout of disk +MBR2GPT: Validating layout, disk sector size is: 512 bytes +MBR2GPT: Trying to shrink the system partition +MBR2GPT: Trying to shrink the OS partition +MBR2GPT: Creating the EFI system partition +MBR2GPT: Installing the new boot files +MBR2GPT: Performing the layout conversion +MBR2GPT: Migrating default boot entry +MBR2GPT: Adding recovery boot entry +MBR2GPT: Fixing drive letter mapping +MBR2GPT: Conversion completed successfully +MBR2GPT: Before the new system can boot properly you need to switch the firmware to boot to UEFI mode! + +X:\>diskpart + +Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.15048.0 + +Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. +On computer: MININT-K71F13N + +DISKPART> list disk + + Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt + -------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --- + Disk 0 Online 60 GB 0 B * + +DISKPART> select disk 0 + +Disk 0 is now the selected disk. + +DISKPART> list volume + + Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info + ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------- + Volume 0 F CENA_X64FRE UDF DVD-ROM 4027 MB Healthy + Volume 1 D Windows NTFS Partition 58 GB Healthy + Volume 2 C System Rese NTFS Partition 499 MB Healthy Hidden + Volume 3 FAT32 Partition 100 MB Healthy Hidden + Volume 4 E Recovery NTFS Partition 612 MB Healthy Hidden + +DISKPART> select volume 1 + +Volume 1 is the selected volume. + +DISKPART> list partition + + Partition ### Type Size Offset + ------------- ---------------- ------- ------- + Partition 1 Recovery 499 MB 1024 KB +* Partition 2 Primary 58 GB 500 MB + Partition 4 System 100 MB 59 GB + Partition 3 Recovery 612 MB 59 GB + +DISKPART> detail partition + +Partition 2 +Type : ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7 +Hidden : No +Required: No +Attrib : 0000000000000000 +Offset in Bytes: 524288000 + + Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info + ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------- +* Volume 1 D Windows NTFS Partition 58 GB Healthy + +``` + +## Specifications + +### Disk conversion workflow + +The following steps illustrate high-level phases of the MBR-to-GPT conversion process: + +1. Disk validation is performed. +2. The disk is repartitioned to create an EFI system partition (ESP) if one does not already exist. +3. UEFI boot files are installed to the ESP. +4. GPT metatdata and layout information is applied. +5. The boot configuration data (BCD) store is updated. +6. Drive letter assignments are restored. + +### Disk validation + +Before any change to the disk is made, MBR2GPT validates the layout and geometry of the selected disk to ensure that: +- The disk is currently using MBR +- There is enough space not occupied by partitions to store the primary and secondary GPTs: + - 16KB + 2 sectors at the front of the disk + - 16KB + 1 sector at the end of the disk +- There are at most 3 primary partitions in the MBR partition table +- One of the partitions is set as active and is the system partition +- The BCD store on the system partition contains a default OS entry pointing to an OS partition +- The volume IDs can retrieved for each volume which has a drive letter assigned +- All partitions on the disk are of MBR types recognized by Windows or has a mapping specified using the /map command-line option + +If any of these checks fails, the conversion will not proceed and an error will be returned. + +### Creating an EFI system partition + +For Windows to remain bootable after the conversion, an EFI system partition (ESP) must be in place. MBR2GPT creates the ESP using the following rules: + +1. The existing MBR system partition is reused if it meets these requirements: + a. It is not also the OS or Windows Recovery Environment partition + b. It is at least 100MB (or 260MB for 4K sector size disks) in size + c. It is less than or equal to 1GB in size. This is a safety precaution to ensure it is not a data partition. + d. If the conversion is being performed from the full OS, the disk being converted is not the system disk. +2. If the existing MBR system partition cannot be reused, a new ESP is created by shrinking the OS partition. This new partition has a size of 100MB (or 260MB for 4K sector size disks) and is formatted FAT32. + +If the existing MBR system partition is not reused for the ESP, it is no longer used by the boot process after the conversion. Other partitions are not modified. + +### Partition type mapping and partition attributes + +Since GPT partitions use a different set of type IDs than MBR partitions, each partition on the converted disk must be assigned a new type ID. The partition type mapping follows these rules: + +1. The ESP is always set to partition type PARTITION_SYSTEM_GUID (c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b). +2. If an MBR partition is of a type that matches one of the entries specified in the /map switch, the specified GPT partition type ID is used. +3. If the MBR partition is of type 0x27, the partition is converted to a GPT partition of type PARTITION_MSFT_RECOVERY_GUID (de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac). +4. All other MBR partitions recognized by Windows are converted to GPT partitions of type PARTITION_BASIC_DATA_GUID (ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7). + +In addition to applying the correct partition types, partitions of type PARTITION_MSFT_RECOVERY_GUID also have the following GPT attributes set: +- GPT_ATTRIBUTE_PLATFORM_REQUIRED (0x0000000000000001) +- GPT_BASIC_DATA_ATTRIBUTE_NO_DRIVE_LETTER (0x8000000000000000) + +For more information about partition types, see: +- [GPT partition types](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa365449.aspx) +- [MBR partition types](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa363990.aspx) + + +### Persisting drive letter assignments + +The conversion tool will attempt to remap all drive letter assignment information contained in the registry that correspond to the volumes of the converted disk. If a drive letter assignment cannot be restored, an error will be displayed at the console and in the log, so that you can manually perform the correct assignment of the drive letter. **Important**: this code runs after the layout conversion has taken place, so the operation cannot be undone at this stage. + +The conversion tool will obtain volume unique ID data before and after the layout conversion, organizing this information into a lookup table. It will then iterate through all the entries in **HKLM\SYSTEM\MountedDevices**, and for each entry do the following: + +1. Check if the unique ID corresponds to any of the unique IDs for any of the volumes that are part of the converted disk. +2. If found, set the value to be the new unique ID, obtained after the layout conversion. +3. If the new unique ID cannot be set and the value name starts with \DosDevices, issue a console and log warning about the need for manual intervention in properly restoring the drive letter assignment. + +## Troubleshooting + +The tool will display status information in its output. Both validation and conversion are clear if any errors are encountered. For example, if one or more partitions do not translate properly, this is displayed and the conversion not performed. To view more detail about any errors that are encountered, see the associated [log files](#logs). + +### Logs + +Four log files are created by the MBR2GPT tool: + +- diagerr.xml +- diagwrn.xml +- setupact.log +- setuperr.log + +These files contain errors and warnings encountered during disk validation and conversion. Information in these files can be helpful in diagnosing problems with the tool. The setupact.log and setuperr.log files will have the most detailed information about disk layouts, processes, and other information pertaining to disk validation and conversion. Note: The setupact*.log files are different than the Windows Setup files that are found in the %Windir%\Panther directory. + +The default location for all these log files in Windows PE is **%windir%**. + +### Interactive help + +To view a list of options available when using the tool, type **mbr2gpt /?** + +The following text is displayed: + +``` + +C:\> mbr2gpt /? + +Converts a disk from MBR to GPT partitioning without modifying or deleting data on the disk. + +MBR2GPT.exe /validate|convert [/disk:] [/logs:] [/map:=] [/allowFullOS] + +Where: + + /validate + - Validates that the selected disk can be converted + without performing the actual conversion. + + /convert + - Validates that the selected disk can be converted + and performs the actual conversion. + + /disk: + - Specifies the disk number of the disk to be processed. + If not specified, the system disk is processed. + + /logs: + - Specifies the directory for logging. By default logs + are created in the %windir% directory. + + /map:= + - Specifies the GPT partition type to be used for a + given MBR partition type not recognized by Windows. + Multiple /map switches are allowed. + + /allowFullOS + - Allows the tool to be used from the full Windows + environment. By default, this tool can only be used + from the Windows Preinstallation Environment. + +``` + +### Return codes + +MBR2GPT has the following associated return codes: + +| Return code | Description | +|----|-------------| +|0| Conversion completed successfully.| +|1| Conversion was canceled by the user.| +|2| Conversion failed due to an internal error.| +|3| Conversion failed due to an initialization error.| +|4| Conversion failed due to invalid command-line parameters. | +|5| Conversion failed due to error reading the geometry and layout of the selected disk.| +|6| Conversion failed because one or more volumes on the disk is encrypted.| +|7| Conversion failed because the geometry and layout of the selected disk do not meet requirements.| +|8| Conversion failed due to error while creating the EFI system partition.| +|9| Conversion failed due to error installing boot files.| +|10| Conversion failed due to error while applying GPT layout.| +|100| Conversion to GPT layout succeeded, but some boot configuration data entries could not be restored.| + + +### Determining the partition type + +You can type the following command at a Windows PowerShell prompt to display the disk number and partition type. Example output is also shown: + + +``` +PS C:\> Get-Disk | ft -Auto + +Number Friendly Name Serial Number HealthStatus OperationalStatus Total Size Partition Style +------ ------------- ------------- ------------ ----------------- ---------- --------------- +0 MTFDDAK256MAM-1K1 13050928F47C Healthy Online 238.47 GB MBR +1 ST1000DM003-1ER162 Z4Y3GD8F Healthy Online 931.51 GB GPT +``` + +You can also view the partition type of a disk by opening the Disk Management tool, right-clicking the disk number, clicking **Properties**, and then clicking the **Volumes** tab. See the following example: + +![Volumes](images/mbr2gpt-volume.PNG) + + +If Windows PowerShell and Disk Management are not available, such as when you are using Windows PE, you can determine the partition type at a command prompt with the diskpart tool. To determine the partition style, type **diskpart** and then type **list disk**. See the following example: + +``` +DISKPART> list disk + + Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt + -------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --- + Disk 0 Online 238 GB 0 B + Disk 1 Online 931 GB 0 B * +``` + +In this example, Disk 0 is formatted with the MBR partition style, and Disk 1 is formatted using GPT. + + + + +## Related topics + +[Using MBR2GPT with Configuration Manager OSD](https://miketerrill.net/tag/mbr2gpt/) +
[Windows 10 Enterprise system requirements](https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/dn798752.aspx) +
[Windows 10 Specifications](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/Windows-10-specifications) +
[Windows 10 IT pro forums](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/home?category=Windows10ITPro)