Merge branch 'master' into aljupudi-branch01

windows/application-management/sideload-apps-in-windows-10.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ms.mktglfcycl: deploy
 ms.sitesec: library
 ms.pagetype: mobile
 author: greg-lindsay
-ms.date: 08/30/2021
+ms.date: 08/31/2021
 ms.localizationpriority: medium
 ---
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ ms.localizationpriority: medium
 > - Windows 10
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> As of Windows Insider Build 18956, sideloading is enabled by default. You can deploy a signed package onto a device without a special configuration.
+> Starting with Windows 10 2004, sideloading is enabled by default. You can deploy a signed package onto a device without a special configuration.
 
 Sideloading apps is when you install apps that aren't from an official source, such as the Microsoft store. Your organization may create its own apps, including line-of-business (LOB) apps. Many organizations create their own apps to solve problems unique to their business.
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Unmanaged devices are devices that are not managed by your organization. These d
 > To install an app on Windows 10 and later, you can:
 >
 > - [Install Windows 10 apps from a web page](/windows/msix/app-installer/installing-windows10-apps-web).
-> - Users can double-click any `.APPX` or `.MSIX` package.
+> - Users can double-click any `.msix` or `.appx` package.
 
 ### User interface
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Using Microsoft Intune, you can also enable sideloading apps on managed devices.
 
 This step installs the app certificate to the local device. Installing the certificate creates the trust between the app and the device.
 
-1. Open the security certificate for the `.appx` package, and select **Install Certificate**.
+1. Open the security certificate for the `.msix` package, and select **Install Certificate**.
 
 2. On the **Certificate Import Wizard**, select **Local Machine**.
 
@@ -102,6 +102,6 @@ This step installs the app certificate to the local device. Installing the certi
 
 ## Step 3: Install the app
 
-From the folder with the `.appx` package, run the Windows PowerShell `Add-AppxPackage` command to install the `.appx` package.
+From the folder with the `.msix` package, run the Windows PowerShell `Add-AppxPackage` command to install the `.msix` package.
 
 For more information on this command, see [Add-AppxPackage](/powershell/module/appx/add-appxpackage).

windows/security/information-protection/encrypted-hard-drive.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-title: Encrypted Hard Drive (Windows 10)
+title: Encrypted Hard Drive (Windows)
 description: Encrypted Hard Drive uses the rapid encryption that is provided by BitLocker Drive Encryption to enhance data security and management.
 ms.assetid: 8d6e0474-c475-411b-b095-1c61adb2bdbb
 ms.reviewer: 
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ ms.date: 04/02/2019
 
 **Applies to**
 - Windows 10
+- Windows 11
 - Windows Server 2022
 - Windows Server 2019
 - Windows Server 2016

windows/security/information-protection/kernel-dma-protection-for-thunderbolt.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-title: Kernel DMA Protection (Windows 10)
+title: Kernel DMA Protection (Windows)
 description: Kernel DMA Protection protects PCs against drive-by Direct Memory Access (DMA) attacks using PCI hot plug devices connected to Thunderbolt™ 3 ports.
 ms.prod: w10
 ms.mktglfcycl: deploy
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ ms.reviewer:
 
 **Applies to**
 -   Windows 10
+-   Windows 11
 
 In Windows 10 version 1803, Microsoft introduced a new feature called Kernel DMA Protection to protect PCs against drive-by Direct Memory Access (DMA) attacks using PCI hot plug devices connected to externally accessible PCIe ports (e.g., Thunderbolt™ 3 ports and CFexpress). In Windows 10 version 1903, Microsoft expanded the Kernel DMA Protection support to cover internal PCIe ports (e.g., M.2 slots)
 
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ Beginning with Windows 10 version 1809, you can use Security Center to check if
    - Reboot into BIOS settings
    - Turn on Intel Virtualization Technology.
    - Turn on Intel Virtualization Technology for I/O (VT-d). In Windows 10 version 1803, only Intel VT-d is supported. Other platforms can use DMA attack mitigations described in [BitLocker countermeasures](bitlocker/bitlocker-countermeasures.md).
-   - Reboot system into Windows 10.
+   - Reboot system into Windows.
 
    >[!NOTE]
    > **Hyper-V - Virtualization Enabled in Firmware** is not available when **A hypervisor has been detected. Features required for Hyper-V will not be displayed.** is displayed. This means that **Hyper-V - Virtualization Enabled in Firmware** is set to Yes and the **Hyper-V** Windows feature is enabled. Enabling Hyper-V virtualization in Firmware (IOMMU) is required to enable **Kernel DMA Protection**, even when the firmware has the flag of "ACPI Kernel DMA Protection Indicators" described in [Kernel DMA Protection (Memory Access Protection) for OEMs](/windows-hardware/design/device-experiences/oem-kernel-dma-protection).
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ Please check the driver instance for the device you are testing. Some drivers ma
 
 ### What should I do if the drivers for my PCI or Thunderbolt™ 3 peripherals do not support DMA-remapping?
 
-If the peripherals do have class drivers provided by Windows 10, please use these drivers on your systems. If there are no class drivers provided by Windows for your peripherals, please contact your peripheral vendor/driver vendor to update the driver to support [DMA Remapping](/windows-hardware/drivers/pci/enabling-dma-remapping-for-device-drivers).
+If the peripherals do have class drivers provided by Windows, please use these drivers on your systems. If there are no class drivers provided by Windows for your peripherals, please contact your peripheral vendor/driver vendor to update the driver to support [DMA Remapping](/windows-hardware/drivers/pci/enabling-dma-remapping-for-device-drivers).
 
 ### My system's Kernel DMA Protection is off. Can DMA-remapping for a specific device be turned on?
 

windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 title: Secure the Windows 10 boot process
 description: This article describes how Windows 10 security features helps protect your PC from malware, including rootkits and other applications
-keywords: trusted boot, windows 10 boot proces
+keywords: trusted boot, windows 10 boot process
 ms.prod: w10
 ms.mktglfcycl: Explore
 ms.pagetype: security
@@ -20,18 +20,20 @@ ms.author: dansimp
 # Secure the Windows 10 boot process
 
 **Applies to:**
+-  Windows 11
 -  Windows 10
 -  Windows 8.1
 
+
 The Windows operating system has many features to help protect you from malware, and it does an amazingly good job. Except for apps that businesses develop and use internally, all Microsoft Store apps must meet a series of requirements to be certified and included in the Microsoft Store. This certification process examines several criteria, including security, and is an effective means of preventing malware from entering the Microsoft Store. Even if a malicious app does get through, the Windows 10 operating system includes a series of security features that can mitigate the impact. For instance, Microsoft Store apps are sandboxed and lack the privileges necessary to access user data or change system settings.
 
-Windows 10 has multiple levels of protection for desktop apps and data, too. Windows Defender uses signatures to detect and quarantine apps that are known to be malicious. Windows Defender SmartScreen warns users before allowing them to run an untrustworthy app, even if it’s recognized as malware. Before an app can change system settings, the user would have to grant the app administrative privileges by using User Account Control.
+Windows has multiple levels of protection for desktop apps and data, too. Windows Defender uses signatures to detect and quarantine apps that are known to be malicious. Windows Defender SmartScreen warns users before allowing them to run an untrustworthy app, even if it’s recognized as malware. Before an app can change system settings, the user would have to grant the app administrative privileges by using User Account Control.
 
-Those are just some of the ways that Windows 10 protects you from malware. However, those security features protect you only after Windows 10 starts. Modern malware—and bootkits specifically—are capable of starting before Windows, completely bypassing operating system security, and remaining completely hidden.
+Those are just some of the ways that Windows protects you from malware. However, those security features protect you only after Windows starts. Modern malware—and bootkits specifically—are capable of starting before Windows, completely bypassing operating system security, and remaining completely hidden.
 
-When you run Windows 10 on a PC or any PC that supports Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), Trusted Boot protects your PC from malware from the moment you power on your PC until your anti-malware starts. In the unlikely event that malware does infect a PC, it can’t remain hidden; Trusted Boot can prove the system’s integrity to your infrastructure in a way that malware can’t disguise. Even on PCs without UEFI, Windows 10 provides even better startup security than previous versions of Windows.
+When you run Windows 10 on a PC or any PC that supports Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), Trusted Boot protects your PC from malware from the moment you power on your PC until your anti-malware starts. In the unlikely event that malware does infect a PC, it can’t remain hidden; Trusted Boot can prove the system’s integrity to your infrastructure in a way that malware can’t disguise. Even on PCs without UEFI, Windows provides even better startup security than previous versions of Windows.
 
-First, let’s examine what rootkits are and how they work. Then, we’ll show you how Windows 10 can protect you.
+First, let’s examine what rootkits are and how they work. Then, we’ll show you how Windows can protect you.
 
 
 ## The threat: rootkits
@@ -46,16 +48,16 @@ Different types of rootkits load during different phases of the startup process:
 -  **Driver rootkits.** These kits pretend to be one of the trusted drivers that Windows uses to communicate with the PC hardware.
 
 ## The countermeasures
-Windows 10 supports four features to help prevent rootkits and bootkits from loading during the startup process:
+Windows supports four features to help prevent rootkits and bootkits from loading during the startup process:
 -  **Secure Boot.** PCs with UEFI firmware and a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) can be configured to load only trusted operating system bootloaders.
 -  **Trusted Boot.** Windows checks the integrity of every component of the startup process before loading it.
 -  **Early Launch Anti-Malware (ELAM).** ELAM tests all drivers before they load and prevents unapproved drivers from loading.
 -  **Measured Boot.** The PC’s firmware logs the boot process, and Windows can send it to a trusted server that can objectively assess the PC’s health.
 
-Figure 1 shows the Windows 10 startup process.
+Figure 1 shows the Windows startup process.
 
 
-![Windows 10 startup process.](./images/dn168167.boot_process(en-us,MSDN.10).png)
+![Windows startup process](./images/dn168167.boot_process(en-us,MSDN.10).png)
 
 **Figure 1. Secure Boot, Trusted Boot, and Measured Boot block malware at every stage**
 
@@ -68,10 +70,10 @@ When a PC starts, it first finds the operating system bootloader. PCs without Se
 
 When a PC equipped with UEFI starts, the PC first verifies that the firmware is digitally signed, reducing the risk of firmware rootkits. If Secure Boot is enabled, the firmware examines the bootloader’s digital signature to verify that it hasn’t been modified. If the bootloader is intact, the firmware starts the bootloader only if one of the following conditions is true:
 
--  **The bootloader was signed using a trusted certificate.** In the case of PCs certified for Windows 10, the Microsoft® certificate is trusted.
+-  **The bootloader was signed using a trusted certificate.** In the case of PCs certified for Windows, the Microsoft® certificate is trusted.
 -  **The user has manually approved the bootloader’s digital signature.** This allows the user to load non-Microsoft operating systems.
 
-All x86-based Certified For Windows 10 PCs must meet several requirements related to Secure Boot:
+All x86-based Certified For Windows PCs must meet several requirements related to Secure Boot:
 
 -  They must have Secure Boot enabled by default.
 -  They must trust Microsoft’s certificate (and thus any bootloader Microsoft has signed).
@@ -80,30 +82,30 @@ All x86-based Certified For Windows 10 PCs must meet several requirements relat
 
 These requirements help protect you from rootkits while allowing you to run any operating system you want. You have three options for running non-Microsoft operating systems:
 
--  **Use an operating system with a certified bootloader.** Because all Certified For Windows 10 PCs must trust Microsoft’s certificate, Microsoft offers a service to analyze and sign any non-Microsoft bootloader so that it will be trusted by all Certified For Windows 10 PCs. In fact, an [open source bootloader](http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/20303.html) capable of loading Linux is already available. To begin the process of obtaining a certificate, go to <https://partner.microsoft.com/dashboard>.
--  **Configure UEFI to trust your custom bootloader.** All Certified For Windows 10 PCs allow you to trust a non-certified bootloader by adding a signature to the UEFI database, allowing you to run any operating system, including homemade operating systems.
--  **Turn off Secure Boot.** All Certified For Windows 10 PCs allow you to turn off Secure Boot so that you can run any software. This does not help protect you from bootkits, however.
+-  **Use an operating system with a certified bootloader.** Because all Certified For Windows PCs must trust Microsoft’s certificate, Microsoft offers a service to analyze and sign any non-Microsoft bootloader so that it will be trusted by all Certified For Windows PCs. In fact, an [open source bootloader](http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/20303.html) capable of loading Linux is already available. To begin the process of obtaining a certificate, go to <https://partner.microsoft.com/dashboard>.
+-  **Configure UEFI to trust your custom bootloader.** All Certified For Windows PCs allow you to trust a non-certified bootloader by adding a signature to the UEFI database, allowing you to run any operating system, including homemade operating systems.
+-  **Turn off Secure Boot.** All Certified For Windows PCs allow you to turn off Secure Boot so that you can run any software. This does not help protect you from bootkits, however.
 
 To prevent malware from abusing these options, the user must manually configure the UEFI firmware to trust a non-certified bootloader or to turn off Secure Boot. Software cannot change the Secure Boot settings.
 
 Like most mobile devices, ARM-based Certified For Windows RT devices, such as the Microsoft Surface RT device, are designed to run only Windows 8.1. Therefore, Secure Boot cannot be turned off, and you cannot load a different operating system. Fortunately, there is a large market of ARM devices designed to run other operating systems.
 
 ## Trusted Boot
-Trusted Boot takes over where Secure Boot leaves off. The bootloader verifies the digital signature of the Windows 10 kernel before loading it. The Windows 10 kernel, in turn, verifies every other component of the Windows startup process, including the boot drivers, startup files, and ELAM. If a file has been modified, the bootloader detects the problem and refuses to load the corrupted component. Often, Windows 10 can automatically repair the corrupted component, restoring the integrity of Windows and allowing the PC to start normally.
+Trusted Boot takes over where Secure Boot leaves off. The bootloader verifies the digital signature of the Windows 10 kernel before loading it. The Windows 10 kernel, in turn, verifies every other component of the Windows startup process, including the boot drivers, startup files, and ELAM. If a file has been modified, the bootloader detects the problem and refuses to load the corrupted component. Often, Windows can automatically repair the corrupted component, restoring the integrity of Windows and allowing the PC to start normally.
 
 ## Early Launch Anti-Malware
 Because Secure Boot has protected the bootloader and Trusted Boot has protected the Windows kernel, the next opportunity for malware to start is by infecting a non-Microsoft boot driver. Traditional anti-malware apps don’t start until after the boot drivers have been loaded, giving a rootkit disguised as a driver the opportunity to work.
 
 Early Launch Anti-Malware (ELAM) can load a Microsoft or non-Microsoft anti-malware driver before all non-Microsoft boot drivers and applications, thus continuing the chain of trust established by Secure Boot and Trusted Boot. Because the operating system hasn’t started yet, and because Windows needs to boot as quickly as possible, ELAM has a simple task: examine every boot driver and determine whether it is on the list of trusted drivers. If it’s not trusted, Windows won’t load it.
 
-An ELAM driver isn’t a full-featured anti-malware solution; that loads later in the boot process. Windows Defender (included with Windows 10) supports ELAM, as does [Microsoft System Center 2012 Endpoint Protection](/lifecycle/products/microsoft-system-center-2012-endpoint-protection) and several non-Microsoft anti-malware apps.
+An ELAM driver isn’t a full-featured anti-malware solution; that loads later in the boot process. Windows Defender (included with Windows) supports ELAM, as does [Microsoft System Center 2012 Endpoint Protection](/lifecycle/products/microsoft-system-center-2012-endpoint-protection) and several non-Microsoft anti-malware apps.
 
 ## Measured Boot
 If a PC in your organization does become infected with a rootkit, you need to know about it. Enterprise anti-malware apps can report malware infections to the IT department, but that doesn’t work with rootkits that hide their presence. In other words, you can’t trust the client to tell you whether it’s healthy.
 
 As a result, PCs infected with rootkits appear to be healthy, even with anti-malware running. Infected PCs continue to connect to the enterprise network, giving the rootkit access to vast amounts of confidential data and potentially allowing the rootkit to spread across the internal network.
 
-Working with the TPM and non-Microsoft software, Measured Boot in Windows 10 allows a trusted server on the network to verify the integrity of the Windows startup process. Measured Boot uses the following process:
+Working with the TPM and non-Microsoft software, Measured Boot in Windows allows a trusted server on the network to verify the integrity of the Windows startup process. Measured Boot uses the following process:
 
 1. The PC’s UEFI firmware stores in the TPM a hash of the firmware, bootloader, boot drivers, and everything that will be loaded before the anti-malware app.
 2. At the end of the startup process, Windows starts the non-Microsoft remote attestation client. The trusted attestation server sends the client a unique key.
@@ -121,12 +123,12 @@ Figure 2 illustrates the Measured Boot and remote attestation process.
 **Figure 2. Measured Boot proves the PC’s health to a remote server**
 
 
-Windows 10 includes the application programming interfaces to support Measured Boot, but you’ll need non-Microsoft tools to implement a remote attestation client and trusted attestation server to take advantage of it. For an example of such a tool, download the [TPM Platform Crypto-Provider Toolkit](https://research.microsoft.com/en-us/downloads/74c45746-24ad-4cb7-ba4b-0c6df2f92d5d/) from Microsoft Research or Microsoft Enterprise Security MVP Dan Griffin’s [Measured Boot Tool](http://mbt.codeplex.com/).
+Windows includes the application programming interfaces to support Measured Boot, but you’ll need non-Microsoft tools to implement a remote attestation client and trusted attestation server to take advantage of it. For an example of such a tool, download the [TPM Platform Crypto-Provider Toolkit](https://research.microsoft.com/en-us/downloads/74c45746-24ad-4cb7-ba4b-0c6df2f92d5d/) from Microsoft Research or Microsoft Enterprise Security MVP Dan Griffin’s [Measured Boot Tool](http://mbt.codeplex.com/).
 
-Measured Boot uses the power of UEFI, TPM, and Windows 10 to give you a way to confidently assess the trustworthiness of a client PC across the network.
+Measured Boot uses the power of UEFI, TPM, and Windows to give you a way to confidently assess the trustworthiness of a client PC across the network.
 
 ## Summary
-Secure Boot, Trusted Boot, and Measured Boot create an architecture that is fundamentally resistant to bootkits and rootkits. In Windows 10, these features have the potential to eliminate kernel-level malware from your network. This is the most ground-breaking anti-malware solution that Windows has ever had; it’s leaps and bounds ahead of everything else. With Windows 10, you can truly trust the integrity of your operating system.
+Secure Boot, Trusted Boot, and Measured Boot create an architecture that is fundamentally resistant to bootkits and rootkits. In Windows, these features have the potential to eliminate kernel-level malware from your network. This is the most ground-breaking anti-malware solution that Windows has ever had; it’s leaps and bounds ahead of everything else. With Windows, you can truly trust the integrity of your operating system.
 
 ## Additional resources
--  [Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 or v2004 Evaluation](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise)
+-  [Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 or v2004 Evaluation](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise)